Physics

Work, Energy and Power

Question:

A rough inclined plane is placed on a cart moving with a constant velocity u on horizontal ground. A block of mass M rests on the incline. Is any work done by force of friction between the block and incline? Is there then a dissipation of energy?

Answer:

Let us consider the diagram according to the situation. Just imagine the situation that wedge is moving with velocity u. As the block Mis at rest with respect to the inclined plane. There is no pseudo force acting on the block because the wedge is moving with constant velocity. So,
f = frictional force = Mg sinθ (upward as shown in the figure)
ncert-exemplar-problems-class-11-physics-chapter-5-work-energy-and-power-31
As the block rests on the incline, the force of friction acting between the block and the incline opposes the tendency of sliding of the block. Since, block is not in motion with respect to incline, therefore, work done by the force of friction between the block and the inclined plane is zero. Also due to this reason there is no dissipation of energy.

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Work, Energy and Power

Q 1.

Two blocks M1 and M2 having equal mass are free to move on a horizontal frictionless surface. M2 is attached to a massless spring as shown in figure. Initially M2 is at rest and A/, is moving toward M2 with speed v and collides head-on with M2.
(a) While spring is fully compressed all the KE of Myis stored as PE of spring.
(b) While spring is fully compressed the system momentum is not conserved, though final momentum is equal to initial momentum.
(c) If spring is massless, the final state of the M1 is state of rest.
(d) If the surface on which blocks are moving has friction, then collision cannot be elastic
ncert-exemplar-problems-class-11-physics-chapter-5-work-energy-and-power-30

 

Q 2.

Give example of a situation in which an applied force does not result in a change in kinetic energy.

Q 3.

A rough inclined plane is placed on a cart moving with a constant velocity u on horizontal ground. A block of mass M rests on the incline. Is any work done by force of friction between the block and incline? Is there then a dissipation of energy?

Q 4.

A body falls towards earth in air. Will its total mechanical energy be conserved during the fall? Justify.

Q 5.

A proton is kept at rest. A positively charged particle is released from rest at a distance d in its field. Consider two experiments; one in which the charged particle is also a proton and in another, a positron. In the same time t, the work done on the two moving charged particles is
(a) same as the same force law is involved in the two experiments
(b) less for the case of a positron, as the positron moves away more rapidly and the force on it weakens
(c) more for the case of a positron, as the positron moves away a larger distance
(d) same as the work done by charged particle on the stationary proton

Q 6.

Why is electrical power required at all when the elevator is descending? Why should there be a limit on the number of passengers in this case?

Q 7.

Single Correct Answer Type
Q1. An electron and a proton are moving under the influence of mutual forces. In calculating the change in the kinetic energy of the system during motion, one ignores the magnetic force of one on another. This is, because
(a) the two magnetic forces are equal and opposite, so they produce no net ‘ effect
(b) the magnetic forces do not work on each particle
(c) the magnetic forces do equal and opposite (but non-zero) work on each particle
(d) the magnetic forces are necessarily negligible

Q 8.

In an elastic collision of two billiard balls, which of the following quantities remain conserved during the short time of collision of the balls (i.e., when they are in contact)?
(a) Kinetic energy
(b) Total linear momentum
Give reason for your answer in each case.

Q 9.

A body is being raised to a height h from the surface of earth. What is the sign of work done by
(a) applied force and  (b) gravitational force?

Q 10.

During inelastic collision between two bodies, which of the following quantities always remain conserved?
(a) Total kinetic energy
(b) Total mechanical energy
(c) Total linear momentum
(d) Speed of each body

Q 11.

Which of the diagrams in figure correctly shows the change in kinetic energy of an iron sphere falling freely in a lake having sufficient depth to impart it a terminal velocity?

ncert-exemplar-problems-class-11-physics-chapter-5-work-energy-and-power-24

Q 12.

A bullet of mass m fired at 30 ° to the horizontal leaves the barrel of the gun with a velocity v. The bullet hits a soft target at a height h above the ground while it is moving downward and emerge out with half the kinetic energy it had before hitting the target.
Which of the following statements are correct in respect of bullet after it emerges out of the target?
(a) The velocity of the bullet will be reduced to half its initial value.
(b) The velocity of the bullet will be more than half of its earlier velocity
(c) The bullet will continue to move along the same parabolic path.
(d) The bullet will move in a different parabolic path.
(e) The bullet will fall vertically downward after hitting the target.
(f) The internal energy of the particles of the target will increase.
 

Q 13.

Calculate the work done by a car against gravity in moving along a straight horizontal road. The mass of the car is 400 kg and the distance moved is 2 m.

Q 14.

A bicyclist comes to a skidding stop in 10 m. During this process, the force on the bicycle due to the road is 200 N and is directly opposed to the motion. The work done by the cycle on the road is
(a) +2000 J
(b) -200 J
(c) zero
(d) -20,000 J

Q 15.

A bob of mass m suspended by a light string of length L is whirled into a vertical circle as shown in figure. What will be the trajectory of the particle, if the string is cut at

  • Point B?
  • Point C?
  • Point A?

 

Q 16.

Which of the diagrams shown in figure most closely shows the variation in kinetic energy of the earth as it moves once around the sun in its elliptical orbit?

ncert-exemplar-problems-class-11-physics-chapter-5-work-energy-and-power-19

 

Q 17.

The average work done by a human heart while it beats once is 0.5 J. Calculate the power used by heart if it beats 72 times in a minute.

Q 18.

A mass of 5 kg is moving along a circular path of radius 1 m. If the mass moves with 300 rev/min, its kinetic energy would be
 

Q 19.

Two inclined ffictionless tracks, one gradual and the other steep meet at A from where two stones are allowed to slide down from rest, one on each track as shown in figure.
Which of the following statement is correct?
(a) Both the stones reach the bottom at the same time but not with the same speed.
(b) Both the stones reach the bottom with the same speed and stone I reaches the bottom earlier than stone II.
(c) Both the stones reach the bottom with the same speed and stone II reaches the bottom earlier than stone I.
(d) Both the stones reach the bottom at different times and with different speeds.

 

Q 20.

A man squatting on the ground gets straight up and stand. The force of reaction of ground on the man during the process is
(a) constant and equal to mg in magnitude
(b) constant and greater than mg in magnitude
(c) ‘ variable but always greater than mg
(d) at first greater than mg and later becomes equal to mg

Q 21.

In a shotput event an athlete throws the shotput of mass 10 kg with an initial speed of 1 m s-1 at 45 ° from a height 1.5 m above ground. Assuming air resistance to be negligible and acceleration due to gravity to be 10 m s -2, the kinetic energy of the shotput when it just reaches the ground will be
(a) 2.5 J        
(b) 5.0 J                                        
(c) 52.5 J                                    
(d) 155.0 J

Q 22.

Two identical ball bearings in contact with each other frictionless table are hit head-on by another ball bearing of the same mass moving initially with a speed v as shown in figure.
If the collision is elastic, which of the following (figure) is a possible result after collision?

ncert-exemplar-problems-class-11-physics-chapter-5-work-energy-and-power-12
ncert-exemplar-problems-class-11-physics-chapter-5-work-energy-and-power-13

 

Q 23.

Two bodies of unequal mass are moving in the same direction with equal kinetic energy. The two bodies are brought to rest by applying retarding force of same magnitude. How would the distance moved by them before coming to rest compare?

Q 24.

ncert-exemplar-problems-class-11-physics-chapter-5-work-energy-and-power-6

(a) V=0,K = E
(b) V=E,K=0
(c) V< E, K= O
(d) V= 0,K

ncert-exemplar-problems-class-11-physics-chapter-5-work-energy-and-power-8

Q 25.

Which of the diagrams in figure represents varation of total mechanical energy of a pendulum oscillating in air as functon of time?
ncert-exemplar-problems-class-11-physics-chapter-5-work-energy-and-power-20

Q 26.

Calculate the power of a crane, in watts, which lifts a mass of 100 kg to a height of 10 m in 20 s.

Q 27.

A man of mass m, standing at the bottom of the staircase, of height L climbs it and stands at its top.
(a) Work done by all forces on man is equal to the rise in potential energy mgL.
(b) Work done by all forces on man is zero.
(c) Work done by the gravitational force on man is mgL.
(d) The reaction force from a step does not do work because the point of application of the force does not move while the force exists.

Q 28.

A body is moved along a closed loop. Is the work done in moving the body necessarily zero? If not, state the condition under which work done over a closed path is always zero.

Q 29.

A body is moving unidirectionally under the influence of a source of constant power supplying energy. Which of the diagrams shown in figure correctly shown the displacement-time curve for its motion?
ncert-exemplar-problems-class-11-physics-chapter-5-work-energy-and-power-17

Q 30.

A cricket ball of mass 150 g moving with a speed of 126 km/h hits at the middle of the bat, held firmly at its position by the batsman. The ball moves straight back to the bowler after hitting the bat. Assuming  that collision between ball and bat is completely elastic and the two remain       in contact for0.001 s, the force that the batsman had to apply to hold the bat firmly at its place would be
 

Q 31.

A body of mass 0.5 kg travels in a straight line with velocity v = ax3/2 where a = 5 m-1/2 s_1. The work done by the net force during its displacement from x = 0 to; x = 2m is

(a) 5 J
(b) 50 J  
(c) 10 J  
(d) 100 J

Q 32.

A raindrop falling from a height h above ground, attains a near terminal velocity when it has fallen through a height (3/4)h. Which of the diagrams shown in figure correctly shows the change in kinetic and potential energy of the drop during its fall up to the ground?
ncert-exemplar-problems-class-11-physics-chapter-5-work-energy-and-power-22

Q 33.

A body is falling freely under ‘the action of gravity alone in vacuum. Which of the following quantities remain constant during the fall?
(a) Kinetic energy
(b) Potential energy
(c) Total mechanical energy
(d) Total linear momentum