Under what conditions can the process of steam distillation is used?
Steam distillation is used to purify the liquids which are steam volatile and not miscible with water!
Classify the following reactions in one of the reaction type studied in this unit.
(a) CH3CH2Br + HS– ———–> CH3CH2SH + Br–
(b) (CH3)2C=CH2 + HCl ———–> (CH3)2CCl—CH3
(c) CH3CH2Br + HO– ———–> CH2=CH2 + H2O + Br–
(d) (CH3)3C—CH2OH + HBr ———–> (CH3)2 C Br CH2CH2CH3 + H2O
In which of the following compounds the carbon marked with asterisk is expected to have greatest positive charge?
Name a suitable technique of separation of the components from a mixture of calcium sulphate and camphor.
Why is it necessary to use acetic acid and not sulphric acid for acidification of sodium extract for testing sulphur by lead acetate test?
Describe the method, which can be used to separate two compounds with different solubilities in a solvent S.
The IUPAC name for
(a) 1-Hydroxypentane-l, 4-dione
(b) 1,4-Dioxopentanol
(c) l-Carboxybutan-3-one
(d) 4-Oxopentanoic acid
In the Lassaigne’s test for ntrogen in an organic compound, the Prussian blue colour is obtaine d due to the formation of:
(a) Na4[Fe(CN)6] (b)Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3
(c) Fe2[Fe(CN)6] (d)Fe3[Fe(CN)6]4 .
Explain hyperconjugation effect. How does hyperconjugation effect explain the stability ofalkenes?
(a) What do you understand by Homolytic fission?
(b) What are carbanions? Give an example.
What is the relationship between the members of following pairs of structures? Are they structural or geometrical isomers or resonance contributors?
0 .12 g of an organic compound containing phosphorous gave 0.22 g of Mg2 P2O7 by usual analysis. Calculate the percentage of phosphorous in the compound.
(a) 1 -Chloro-2-nitro-4-methylbenzene
(b) l-Chloro-4-methyl-2-nitrobenzene
(c) 2-Chloro-1 -nitro-5-methylbenzene
(d) m-Nitro-p-chlorotoluene
(a) 2-Ethyl-3-methylpentane
(b) 3,4-Dimethylhexane
(c) 2-sec-Butylbutane
(d) 2,3-Dimethylbutane
Covalent bonds can undergo fission in two different ways. The correct representation involving the heterolytic fission of CH3 – Br is
What are hybridisation states of each carbon atom in the following compounds? CH2=C=O, CH3CH=CH2, (CH3)2CO, CH2=CHCN, C6H6.
Will CCl4 give white precipitate of AgCl on heating it with silver nitrate? Give reason for your answer.
Electronegativity of carbon atoms depends upon their state of hybridization. In which of the following compounds, the carbon marked with asterisk is most electronegative?
Give a brief description of the principles of the following techniques taking an example in each case: (a) Crystallisation (b) Distillation (c) Chromatography
Discuss the principle of estimation of halogens, sulphur and phosphorus present in an organic compound.
(a) What is the basic principle involved in the estimation of nitrogen by Dumas method.
(b) In a Dumas nitrogen estimation method, 0.30 g of an organic compound gave 50 cm3 of N2 collected at 300 K and 715 mm Hg pressure. Calculate the percentage composition of nitrogen in the compound. (Vapour pressure of water at 300 K is 15 mm Hg)
Electrophilic addition reactions proceed in two steps. The first step involves the addition of an electrophile. Name the type of intermediate formed in the first step of the following addition reaction.
H3C-HC = CH2 + H+→ ?
(a) 2 °Carbanion
(b) 1 ° Carbocation
(c) 2 ° Carbocation
(d) l °Carbanion
The addition of HC1 to an alkene proceeds in two steps. The first step is the attack of H+ ion to >C = C< portion which can be shown as
Two or more compounds having same the molecular formula but different functional groups are called functional isomers. Which of die following pairs are not functional group isomers?
(a) II and III (b) II and IV
(c) I and IV (d) I and II
Write structural formulae for compounds named as
(a) 1-Bromoheptane
(b) 5-Bromoheptanoic acid
Identify the reagents shown in bold in the following equations as nucleophiles or electrophiles
(a) CH3COOH + HO– ———–> CH3COO– + H2O
(b) CH3COCH3 + CN ———–> (CH3)2 C(CN)(OH)
(c) C6H5 + CH3CO ———–> C6H5COCH3
Explain the reason for the fusion of an organic compound with metallic sodium for testing nitrogen, sulphur and halogens.
0.15 g of an organic compound gave 0.12 g of Ag Br by the Carius method. Find percentage of Br in the compound.
(a) What is Lassaigne’s extract? Will NaCN give a positive Lassaigne’s test for nitrogen?
(b) Which colour will appear in the Lassaigne's test if the compound contains both nitrogen and sulphur.
(c) Why is Lassaigne’s extract prepared in distilled water? Can we detect oxygen in a compound by Lassaigne’s test?
