Explain the functional significance of lymphatic system.
Lymphatic system is an elaborate network of vessels, which collects the interstitial fluid (tissue fluid), along with some protein molecules and drains it back into the major veins. The lymphatic vessels are present in all tissues (except the central nervous system and cornea). It comprises of lymph, lymphatic capillaries, lymphatic vessels, lymphatic ducts and lymphatic nodes.
Lymph performs the following important functions:
(i) It acts as an important carrier of nutrients, hormones, etc.
(ii)Absorption of fat also occurs through lymph in the lacteals present in the intestinal villi.
(iii)It helps in the renewal of extra cellular fluid (ECF).
(iv)Maturation of lymphocytes, i.e., B-cells and T-cells occur with the help of lymph nodes, releasing them into the lymph.
(v) It helps in keeping tissue cells moist.
Given below are the abnormal conditions related to blood circulation. Name the disorders.
(a) Acute chest pain due to failure of 02 supply to heart muscles
(b) Increased systolic pressure
Match Column I with Column II.
Column I Column II
(a) Eosinophils (i) Coagulation
(b) RBC (ii) Universal recipient
(c) AB Group (iii) Resist infections
(d) Platelets (iv) Contraction of heart
(e) Systol (v) Gas transport
Complete the missing word in the statement given below:
(a) Plasma without_______factors is called serum.
(b) _______and monocytes are phagocytic cells.
(c) Eosinophils are associated with reactions.
(d)_______ions play a significant role in clotting.
(e) One can determine the heart beat rate by counting the number of_______in an ECG.
State the functions of the following in blood
(a) Fibrinogen
(b) Globulin
(c) Neutrophils
(d) Lymphocytes
Answer the following:
(a) Name the major formed. Which part of heart is responsible for initiating and maintaining its rhythmic activity? What is specific in the heart of crocodiles among reptilians?
Briefly describe the following:
(a) Anaemia
(b) Angina pectoris
(c) Atherosclerosis
(d) Hypertension
(e) Heart failure
(f) Erythroblastosis foetalis
Explain the advantage of the complete partition of ventricle among birds and mammals and hence leading to double circulation.
How will you interpret an electrocardiogram (ECG) in which time taken in QRS complex is higher?
Name the components of the formed elements in the blood and mention one major function of each of them.
What is the significance of atrio-ventricular node and atrio-ventricular bundle in the functioning of heart?
Define the following terms and give their location.
(a) Purkinje fibre
(b) Bundle of His
What is the significance of time gap in the passage of action potential from sino-atrial node to the ventricle?
In the diagrammatic presentation of heart given below, mark and label, SAN, AVN, bundle of His and Purkinje fibres.
Given below is the diagrammatic represen-tation of a standard ECG. Label its different peaks.
Differentiate between
(a) Blood and lymph
(b) Basophils and Eosinophils
(c) Tricuspid and bicuspid valve
Write the differences between:
(a) Blood and lymph
(b) Open and closed system of circulation
(c) Systole and diastole
(d) P-wave and T-wave
Write the features that distinguish between the two
(a) Plasma and Serum
(b) Open and closed circulatory system
(c) Sino-atrial node and Atrio-ventricular