Explain what is referred to as the G-77 countries. In what ways can G-77 be seen as a reaction to the activities of the Bretton Woods twins?
The IMF and the World Bank, called the Bretton Woods twins commenced financial operations in 1947. Decision-making in these institutions were controlled by the Western industrial powers. The US had an effective right of veto over key IMF and World Bank decisions. The Bretton Woods system saw the unprecedented growth of trade and incomes for the Western industrial nations .
Most developing countries did not benefit from the fast growth the Western economies experienced in the 1950s and 1960s. Therefore they organised themselves as a group – the Group of 77 (or G-77) – to demand a New International Economic Order (NIEO).
The NIEO meant a system that would give a country real control over its natural resources, more development assistance, fairer prices for raw materials, and better access for their manufactured goods in developed countries' markets.
"Food offers many examples of long distance cultural exchange."Explain. [CBSE Sept. 2011]
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Assess with examples the contribution of food to the process of globalisation of the early periods. [CBSE 2012]
Explain the social and economic impacts of the First World War. Suggest any two ways to save the world from the Third World War.
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"The First World War was mainly fought in Europe but its impact was felt around the world."Explain by giving examples.
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What was the impact of the First World War on the socio-economic conditions of the world ? Write four points. [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011]
Give two examples of different types of global exchanges which took place before the seventeenth century, choosing one example from Asia and one from the Americas.
Explain the consequences of the Second World War.
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Describe in brief the destruction caused during the Second World War. [CBSE 2010 (O), Sept. 2012]
"European conquests produced many painful economic, social and ecological changes through which the colonised societies were brought into the world economy."Explain. [CBSE 2015]
Explain the three types of movements or flows within international economic exchange. Find one example of each type of flow which involved India and Indians, and write a short account of it.
Explain the impact of the Great Depression on the Indian economy. [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2014]
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Explain the impact of the Great Depression on Indian farmers in the early twentieth century. [CBSE 2009 (F), Sept. 2012]
What were the main reasons for the attraction of Europeans to Africa ? [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2014]
Give three examples to show that the world changed with the discovery of new sea routes to America. [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011, 2012]
Name any two world institutions which were established under the Bretton Woods. Also mention one objective of each.
Why did the European employers find it difficult to recruit labour in Africa ? Give two methods they used to recruit and retain labour. [CBSE 2011)
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Why was there a shortage of labour willing to work for wages in Africa in the 1890s ? How did Europeans try to recruit and retain labour ? Explain any two methods. [CBSE 2012]
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What methods were used by the European employers to recruit and retain the African labourers ?
Till the 1870's meat was an expensive luxury beyond the reach of the European poor”. Give reason.
Name any two Indian groups of bankers who financed export agriculture in Central and South-east Asia.
How was the income received from trade surplus with India used by Britain ? [CBSE 2008 (D)]
Why China and other Asian countries became attractive destination for investment by foreign MNC's ?
Why were the Corn Laws scrapped ? Explain any three reasons.[CBSE Comp. (D) 2008, 2009 (F), Sept. 2011]
Explain the role of technology in shaping the world economy of the 19th century. [CBSE 2010 (D)]
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What was the impact of technology on food availability ? Explain with the help of examples. [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011, 2014]
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What was the role of technology in transforming in the 19th century world ? Explain with an example. [CBSE Sept. 2010]
India played a crucial role in the late 19th century world economy”. Explain. [CBSE 2014]
Why thousands of people fled Europe for America in the 19th century ?
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Why did thousands of people flee away from Europe to America in the 19th century ? Give any three reasons. [CBSE Sept. 2010]
Write any three factors responsible for indentured labour migration from India. [CBSE Sept. 2010. 2013]
By 1890, a global agricultural economy had taken shape.' Explain by giving example.
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Describe any three changes in the global agricultural economy after 1890. [CBSE 2014]
“The example of indentured labour migration from India and other parts of the world illustrates the two-sided nature of the 19th century"world.” Explain by giving examples.
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Why 19th century indentured has been described as a ‘new system of slavery’ ? Explain. [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2012, 2014]