History

The Making of a Global World

Question:

Explain what is referred to as the G-77 countries. In what ways can G-77 be seen as a reaction to the activities of the Bretton Woods twins?

Answer:

The IMF and the World Bank, called the Bretton Woods twins commenced financial operations in 1947. Decision-making in these institutions were controlled by the Western industrial powers. The US had an effective right of veto over key IMF and World Bank decisions. The Bretton Woods system saw the unprecedented growth of trade and incomes for the Western industrial nations .
Most developing countries did not benefit from the fast growth the Western economies experienced in the 1950s and 1960s. Therefore they organised themselves as a group – the Group of 77 (or G-77) – to demand a New International Economic Order (NIEO).
The NIEO meant a system that would give a country real control over its natural resources, more development assistance, fairer prices for raw materials, and better access for their manufactured goods in developed countries' markets.

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The Making of a Global World

Q 1.

What was mass production ? Who was pioneer of mass production ? [CBSE 2014]

Q 2.

What is mass production and mass consumption?

Q 3.

India played a crucial role in the late 19th century world economy.” Explain by giving an example.
Or
What was the importance of the Indian trade for the Britishers ?
Or
How did India play a crucial role in the nineteenth century world economy ? Explain with examples. [CBSE Comp. (O) 2008]

Q 4.

Who discovered America ?

Q 5.

What is meant by the Bretton Woods Agreement?

Q 6.

Write a brief note on the Irish Potato Famine'.

Q 7.

What were the main reasons for the attraction of Europeans to Africa ? [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2014]

Q 8.

Mention the impact of the First World War on agricultural economies.

Q 9.

How rinderpest arrived in Africa in the late 1880's ?      [CBSE 2014]

Q 10.

Why was there a need for clearing lands in Britain during the nineteenth century ? Explain any three reasons.
[CBSE Comp. (D) 2008]

Q 11.

How did Henry Ford revolutionise mass production in the US ? Explain. [CBSE 2012]

Q 12.

What was Henry Ford's best cost cutting decision ?

Q 13.

Give two examples of different types of global exchanges which took place before the seventeenth century, choosing one example from Asia and one from the Americas.

Q 14.

Give two examples from history to show the impact of technology on food availability.

Q 15.

Mention any four factors responsible for indentured labour.

Q 16.

Name any four colonial powers of the 19th century.

Q 17.

Who was indentured labourer ?

Q 18.

How were the indentured workers exploited by the recruiting agents ?

Q 19.

Define ‘trade surplus’. Why Britain had a trade surplus with India ? [CBSE Sept. 2014]

Q 20.

How was the income received from trade surplus with India used by Britain ? [CBSE 2008 (D)]

Q 21.

What were the limitations of IMF and the World Bank ? Mention any two.

Q 22.

What is G-77 ?

Q 23.

Explain what is referred to as the G-77 countries. In what ways can G-77 be seen as a reaction to the activities of the Bretton Woods twins?

Q 24.

What were the impacts of the Bretton Woods system ? Explain.

Q 25.

Explain the impact of the Great Depression on the Indian economy. [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2014]
Or
Explain the impact of the Great Depression on Indian farmers in the early twentieth century. [CBSE 2009 (F), Sept. 2012]

Q 26.

The pre-modern world shrank greatly in the 16th century.' Explain.

Q 27.

Name the countries involved in the First World War.

Q 28.

What is NIF.O ?
Or
Why did Group 77 countries demand a New International Economic Order ? Explain. [CBSE 2009 (D). Sept, 2010]
Or
Why did most of the developing countries organise themselves as a group the Group of 77 (G-77) ? [CBSE 2012)

Q 29.

What were silk routes ? [CBSE 2014]

Q 30.

What at the factors which transformed 19th century world ?

Q 31.

Before the arrival of outsiders most of the Africans had a little reason to work for a wage’. Give reasons.

Q 32.

What were the main destinations of Indian indentured migrants ?

Q 33.

Name the movement launched by Gandhiji during the Great Depression of 1929.

Q 34.

What was the main aim of the post-war international economic system in the world ?

Q 35.

"Food offers many examples of long distance cultural exchange."Explain. [CBSE Sept. 2011]
Or
Assess with examples the contribution of food to the process of globalisation of the early periods. [CBSE 2012]

Q 36.

Explain the three types of movements or flows within international economic exchange. Find one example of each type of flow which involved India and Indians, and write a short account of it.

Q 37.

What was the importance of Silk Routes ?
Or
How did Silk Routes link the world ? Explain with three suitable examples. [CBSE 2008 (D)]
Or
Explain any three characteristics of Silk Routes. [CBSE Comp. (D) 2008, Sept. 2010, 2012]
Or
Enumerate the importance of Silk Routes. [CBSE Sept. 2010]

Q 38.

Name any two world institutions which were established under the Bretton Woods. Also mention one objective of each.

Q 39.

Why thousands of people fled Europe for America in the 19th century ?
Or
Why did thousands of people flee away from Europe to America in the 19th century ? Give any three reasons. [CBSE Sept. 2010]

Q 40.

What was the impact of industrialisation in Britain on Indian economy ?

Q 41.

‘The First World War was modern industrial war’. Explain.
Or
Explain how the First World War was so horrible a war like none other before. [CBSE 2010 (0)]
Or
How far is it correct to say that "The First World Wax was the First modem industrial war”? Explain. [CBSE Sept. 2010]

Q 42.

“The First World War was fought between two power blocs” Explain.

Q 43.

The pre-modem world shrank greatly in the 16th century”. Why ?

Q 44.

What was the most powerful weapon of the Spanish conqueror to colonise America ?

Q 45.

What changed the world profoundly in the 19th century ?

Q 46.

What steps were taken by the British government to improve agriculture in West Punjab ?

Q 47.

What were the canal colonies ? Why and where they were set up ?

Q 48.

Name the technology which enabled the transportation of perishable foods over.

Q 49.

What is the meaning of ‘cultural fusion’? Give two examples.

Q 50.

Name any two Indian groups of bankers who financed export agriculture in Central and South-east Asia.