Economics

Development

Question:

What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries? What are the limitations of this criterion, if any?

Answer:

For comparing countries, their income is considered to be one of the most important attributes. Countries with higher income are more developed than others with less income. This is based on the understanding that more income means more of all things that human beings need. Whatever people like, and should have, they will be able to get with greater income. So, greater income itself is considered to be one important goal. Intuitively, the income of the country is the income of all the residents of the country. This gives us the total income of the country. However, for comparison between countries, total income is not such an useful measure. Since, countries have different populations, comparing total income will not tell us what an average person is likely to earn. Hence, we compare the average income which is the total income of the country divided by its total population. The average income is also called per capita income.
In World Development Report 2006, brought out by the World Bank, this criterion is used in classifying countries. Countries with per capita income of Rs 4,53,000 per annum and above in 2004, are called rich countries and those with per capita income of Rs 37,000 or less are called low-income countries. India comes in the category of low-income countries because its per capita income in 2004 was just Rs 28,000 per annum. The rich countries, excluding countries of Middle East and certain other small countries, are generally called developed countries.

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Development

Q 1.

How can development be made sustainable? Illustrate with examples from everyday life.

Q 2.

What contributes to the human development ?

Q 3.

Increase in total income of a country may or may not lead to greater welfare of the masses. on this.

Q 4.

What contributes to the human development ?

Q 5.

The high salary jobs are not always the most satisfying option.

Q 6.

What is national development? What are the aspects covered under the national development ? [CBSE Sept. 2010]

Q 7.

Give one example of environmental degradation.

Q 8.

Which attribute is considered important for comparing different countries? Does it provide the whole picture?

Q 9.

Give suggestions for ensuring a better distribution of existing water resources within the country.

Q 10.

Give one example of environmental degradation.

Q 11.

In what respects is the criterion used by the UNDP for measuring development different from the one used by the World Bank?

Q 12.

What should be the main criteria of development?

Q 13.

Discuss the disparities in literacy rates in India.

Q 14.

Discuss the disparities in literacy rates in India.

Q 15.

How can development be made sustainable? Illustrate with examples from everyday life.

Q 16.

Expansion of retail chains owned by big industrialists.

Q 17.

What is infant mortality rate ? Suggest two measures to keep the infant mortality rate low. [CBSE 2013, 14]
Or
What is the meaning of ˜Infant Mortality Rate ' (IMR) ? Give two main reasons for low IMR in Kerala. [CBSE 2010]

Q 18.

How is average income calculated?

Q 19.

"Average income is an important criterion for development."Explain.

Q 20.

Why do we use averages? Are there any limitations to their use? Illustrate with your own examples related to development.

Q 21.

Describe any three features of developed country. [CBSE 2013, 14]

Q 22.

Human development is the essence of social development.' Explain.

Q 23.

Money alone cannot provide all that makes life worth living. Discuss this statement.

Q 24.

Distinguish between developed and underdeveloped countries.

Q 25.

What is national development? What are the aspects covered under the national development ? [CBSE Sept. 2010]

Q 26.

What should be the developmental goals for developing countries like India?

Q 27.

What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries ? What are the limitations of this criterion ? [CBSE Sept. 2010]
Or
Explain the meaning of the term ‘Rich Countries' and ˜Low Income Countries' according to the World Development Report of 2006. What is India's position in this respect ? [CBSE 2013]

Q 28.

(i) What is development ? Mention any two features of development.
(ii) What is national income ? [CBSE 2009 (D)]  
(iii) What is per capita income? [CBSE Sept. 2011]
Or
Define the term, ‘average income.' [CBSE 2008, 2009 (D)]

Q 29.

Why is it that different people have different notions of development?

Q 30.

What is the significance of Human Development Index ? [CBSE 2013]

Q 31.

What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries? What are the limitations of this criterion, if any?

Q 32.

What is PCI ? Where it is used ?

Q 33.

What may be development for one may not be development for the other.' Explain by giving examples. [CBSE Sept. 2012]
Or
With the help of an example show two groups who may have different notions of development. [CBSE Sept. 2010]

Q 34.

What should be the main criteria of development?

Q 35.

Mention any four characteristics of development. [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011]

Q 36.

Besides income, what can be the other attributes to compare economic development? [CBSE 2013, 14]

Q 37.

What are the limitations of the per capita income criteria of development ? [CBSE 2014]
Or
What is Per Capita Income ? Can it be regarded as the sole indicator of economic development of a country ? Give four valid arguments to support your answer. [CBSE 2012]

Q 38.

Why is per capital income considered as an important criterion for development?

Q 39.

Why is the issue of sustainability important for development?

Q 40.

Why is per capital income considered as an important criterion for development?

Q 41.

Distinguish between human and economic development.

Q 42.

What are the development goals of the following :
(i) Labourer (ii) Rich farmer (iii) Trader

Q 43.

What is infant mortality rate ? Suggest two measures to keep the infant mortality rate low. [CBSE 2013, 14]
Or
What is the meaning of ˜Infant Mortality Rate ' (IMR) ? Give two main reasons for low IMR in Kerala. [CBSE 2010]

Q 44.

(f) State the criteria used to compare the different countries by the Human Development Report published by the United National Development Programme (UNDP).
(ii) Which is the new area of knowledge in which scientists, economists, philosophers and other social scientists are working together ?
(iii) What is meant by Human Development ? [CBSE Sept. 2011, 2012]
(iv) What is Sustainable Development ? [CBSE Comp. (D) 2008, 2009 (F), Sept. 2011]
(v) Which organisation measures HDR ? Mention any three major indicators of / HDR. [CBSE Sept. 2012]

Q 45.

(i) Mention any two important aspects of our lives other than income. [CBSE 2008 (D)]
(ii) How can we achieve our hopes and possibilities in the present world ? [CBSE Comp. (D) 2008]
(iii) What is ˜Public Distribution System ' (PDS) ? [CBSE Sept. 2011 ] [CBSE2009 (F) Sept. 2010]
(iv) Mention two developmental goals of landless rural labourers. [CBSE Comp. (O) 2008]
(iv) Why has Kerala a higher Human Development Index than Punjab in spite of low per capita income ? [CBSE 2009 (F) Sept. 2011]

Q 46.

Define the following terms :
(i) IMR (ii) Literacy Rate (iii) NAR [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011]

Q 47.

Money cannot buy all the goods and services that one needs to live well.' Explain. [CBSE 2010(0), Sept. 2013]