Biology

Control and Coordination

Question:

(a) Name the two main constituents of the Central Nervous System in human beings.
(b) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in human beings?

Answer:

(a) The two main constituents of the Central Nervous System in human beings are the brain and the spinal cord.
(b) A living being does not live in isolation. It has to constantly interact with its external environment and has to respond properly for its survival. For example; when a hungry lion spots a deer, the lion has to quickly make a move so that it can have its food. On the other hand, the deer needs to quickly make a move to run for its life. The responses which a living being makes in relation to external stimuli are controlled and coordinated by a system; especially in complex animals. So, control and coordination . is essential in maintaining a state of stability and a steady state between the internal conditions of an organism and the external environment.

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Control and Coordination

Q 1.

Why is the response of a plant to a stimulus not observed immediately?

Q 2.

Answer the following:
(a) Which hormone is responsible for the changes noticed in females at puberty?
(b) Dwarfism results due to deficiency of which hormone?
(c) Blood sugar level rises due to deficiency of which hormone?
(d) Iodine is necessary for the synthesis of which hormone?

Q 3.

What is hydrotropism?

Q 4.

Name the part of the brain which controls posture and balance of the body.

Q 5.

(a) Name the two main constituents of the Central Nervous System in human beings.
(b) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in human beings?

Q 6.

(a) What does a plant root do in response to water ? What is this phenomenon known as ?
(b) What happens to the moonflower (i) during daytime, and (ii) at night ? What is this phenomenon known as ?

Q 7.

Which halogen element is necessary for the making of thyroxine hormone by the thyroid gland ?

Q 8.

(a) Name the hormones secreted by the following endocrine glands :
(i) Thyroid gland (ii) Parathyroid glands (iii) Pancreas (iv) Adrenal glands
(b) Write the functions of testosterone and oestrogen hormones.

Q 9.

What is the function of insulin hormone ? What type of patients are given insulin injections ?

Q 10.

How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other?

Q 11.

Label the endocrine glands in the given figure.
ncert-exemplar-class-10-science-chapter-5-control-and-coordination-2

Q 12.

What are meanings? What are their functions? Name the fluid, which is filled in between meanings.

Q 13.

What is synapse ? In a neuron cell how is an electrical impulse created and what is the role of synapse in this context ?

Q 14.

State the functions of plant hormones. Name four different types of plant hormones.

Q 15.

Which part of the brain controls involuntary actions? Write the function of  any two regions of it.

Q 16.

Mention the function of the hind-brain in humans.

Q 17.

Name and explain the function of the hormone secreted by the pituitary gland in humans.

Q 18.

Plant parts show two types of movements, one dependent on growth and the other independent of growth. Give one example of the movement in plant parts :
which depends on growth
which does not depend on growth

Q 19.

(a) What does a Mimosa pudica plant do in response to touch ? What is this phenomenon known as ?
(b) What happens to the dandelion flower (z) during daytime, and (ii) at night ? What is this phenomenon known as ?

Q 20.

Name the plant organs which are :
(a) positively phototropic (b) positively geotropic
(c) negatively geotropic (d) positively hydrotropic

Q 21.

What are the two parts of the vertebrate nervous system ?

Q 22.

What are the scientific names for the following receptors in animals ?
(a) receptors for light
(b) receptors for heat
(c) receptors for sound
(d) receptors for smell
(e) receptors for taste

Q 23.

Name one gland each :
(a) which acts only as an endocrine gland.
(b) which acts only as an exocrine gland.
(c) which acts both as an endocrine gland as well as an gxocrine gland.

Q 24.

What are the two main communications systems in an animal’s body ?

Q 25.

(a) What substances are made by endocrine glands ?
(b) What is the function of receptors and effectors in our body ?

Q 26.

(a) The human brain can be broadly divided into three regions. Name these three regions.
(b) What is cranium ? What is its function ?

Q 27.

In what ways are puberty and adolescence result of the activity of some glands in the human body ?

Q 28.

What does CNS stand for ? Which part of CNS : (a) consists of two cerebral hemispheres, and (b) has spinal nerves attached to it ?

Q 29.

Which hormone :
(a) prepares the body for action ?
(b) controls the amount of glucose in blood ?
(c) gives boys a deep voice ?
(d) gives girls soft skin ?

Q 30.

Name any two types of tropism.

Q 31.

What is a phytohormone? Name any two phytohormones.

Q 32.

Name the hormones secreted by thyroid, parathyroid and pancreas.

Q 33.

Write name of three hormones secreted by the pituitary gland.

Q 34.

Nervous and hormonal system together perform the function of control and coordination in human beings. Justify the statement.

Q 35.

What are hormones?

Q 36.

What are phytohormones?

Q 37.

Name any two phytohormones, which are growth promoters.

Q 38.

Name any growth inhibiting phytohormone.

Q 39.

What makes a stem bend towards sunlight?

Q 40.

Why is it advised to use iodised salt in our diet ?

Q 41.

State how concentration of auxin stimulates the cells to grow longer on the side of the shoot which is away from light ?

Q 42.

Give an example of a plant hormone that promotes its growth. Where it is synthesized ?

Q 43.

(a) How is brain protected from injury and shock?
(b) Name two main parts of hind brain and state the functions of each.

Q 44.

What is chemotropism? Give one example. Name any two plant hormones and mention their functions.

Q 45.

Mention the function of adrenaline hormone.

Q 46.

Write the name and functions of any two parts of the human hind-brain.

Q 47.

What are plant hormones? Write two important functions of auxin.  

Q 48.

Which plant hormone is responsible for the wilting and falling of leaves ?

Q 49.

What is the scientific name of sensitive plant ?

Q 50.

What is the stimulus in : (a) phototropism ? (b) geotropism ? (c) chemotropism ? (d) hydrotropism ? (e) thigmotropism ?