Bernoulli’s theorem is applied to obtain the total energy of the fluid at each of the two points separated by a distance and in a tapered pipeline. It assumes a frictionless path and viscous forces are negligible.

Flow rate and area of cross section of pipe are directly proportional. That is when the area of pipe is increased flow rate also increases.

Rotatic vane system is used for measurement of flow rate of fluid, in which flow is converted into rotational motion.

Static vane makes an obstruction in the path of fluid flow, which causes considerable pressure loss.

In steady flow fluid, velocity of all points will be constant at a specific time.

Pitot-static tubes are the devices used for measuring the velocity of the fluid.

Centrifugal force element for measuring flow rate is only applicable for high flow rate, below which it doesn’t produce any recognizable change.

In such systems, flow rate is measured by making an obstruction in the path of flow.

Reynolds number is an indication of the flow of fluid, For a Reynolds number less than 2000, fluid is said to be in laminar flow. For greater than 4000 fluid is said to be in a turbulent flow.

If all particles of fluid have a parallel path with wall, it is called laminar flow which is also known as viscous flow and stream line flow.