Fully penetrating slot is used for both confined and unconfined case of flow.

The portion between any two successive flow lines is called a flow channel and the portion enclosed between two successive equipotential lines and successive flow lines are known as field.

Complete design of dewatering system consists of the diameter and spacing of well points or wells, penetration of wells and the pumping capacities.

The seepage medium is replaced by an electric conductor consisting of water with some salt or dilutes hydrochloric acid.

In 1956, chapmen developed an expression for finding the discharge qP from a partially penetrating slot in an unconfined aquifer from his model studies.

A flow net can be utilized for determination of seepage, seepage pressure, hydrostatic pressure, and exit gradient.

The graphical method of flow net construction first given by Forchheimer in 1930, based on trial sketching.

ie =Δ h /l, represent gradient formula where Δ h=potential drop and l is the average of last field in the flow net at the exit end.

The application of electro-osmosis to dewatering of soil was largely developed by L. Casagrande.

The equation hW=h – Z, can be used to plot pressure net representing lines of equal water pressure without the saturated soil mass since all the three quantities in the equation can be expressed a the percentage of total hydraulic head H.