After sampling and quantization of input signals, the ouput sampled sequence consists of some distortion which can be called as round off error or truncation error.

When the difference between input and output signal increases, we say that analog to digital converter is working in saturation. This introduces saturation noise or error. This can be reduced by using automatic gain control.

In the limit L tends to infinity and signal to quantization noise ratio tends to infinity when quantization levels are infinite and quantization noise is zero.

When channel bandwidth is greater than pulse bandwidth, the signal widens and expands exceeding the symbol duration which causes intersymbol interference.

Jitter occurs when there is a slight position change in the sampled signals. This timing jitter can be controlled by power supply isolation and clock reference.

On calculating the number of levels, quantization error and power and also signal to noise ration we can find that signal to noise ratio depends directly on square of number of quantization levels.

The channel noise which is caused by thermal noise interference from other users and circuit switching transients is called as threshold effect.

The variance corresponds to average quantization noise power. It is calculated assuming the quantization noise and probability distribution function.

The analog signal obtained from sampling quantization and transmitted pulses will have corruption from several sources in which the two main sources are quantizing and sampling effect and channel effect.

The distortion introduced to approximate the analog signal is called as quantization noise. The amount of this noise is inversely proportional to number of levels employed in quantization process.