(a) What do you understand by the term “potential difference” ?
(b) What is meant by saying that the potential difference between two points is 1 volt ?
(c) What is the potential difference between the terminals of a battery if 250 joules of work is required to transfer 20 coulombs of charge from one terminal of battery to the other ?
(d) What is a voltmeter ? How is a voltmeter connected in the circuit to measure the potential difference between two points. Explain with the help of a diagram.
(e) State whether a voltmeter has a high resistance or a low resistance. Give reason for your answer.
(a) Potential difference between two points in an electric circuit is defined as the amount of work done in moving a unit charge from one
point to the other point.
(b) The potential difference between two points is 1 volt means 1 joule of work is done in moving 1 coulomb of electric charge from one point to the other.
(c) Given: Work done = 250J, Charge moved = 20C.
we know that,Potential difference = Work done/Charge moved
=250/20=12.5
(d) A voltmeter is a device which is used to measure the potential difference between two points in an electric circuit. Voltmeter is always connected in parallel across the two points where the potential difference is to be measured.
(e) Voltmeter has a high resistance so that it takes a negligible current from the circuit.
How should the two resistances of 2 ohms each be connencted so as to produce an equivalent resistance of 1 ohm ?
Give two reasons why nichrome alloy is used for making the heating elements of electrical appliances.
The electrical resistivities of four materials A, B, C and D are given below :
Which material is : (a) good conductor (b) resistor (c) insulator, and (d) semiconductor ?
Why are the coils of electric irons and electric toasters made of an alloy rather than a pure metal ?
(a) How many milliamperes are there in 1 ampere ?
(b) How many microamperes are there in 1 ampere ?
A student made an electric circuit shown here to measure the current through two lamps.
(a) Are the lamps in series or parallel ?
(b) The student has made a mistake in this circuit.
What is the mistake ?
(c) Draw a circuit diagram to show the correct way to connect the circuit.
Use the proper circuit symbols in your diagram.
Which of the following statements correctly defines a volt ?
(a) a volt is a joule per ampere.
(b) a volt is a joule per coulomb.
(a) Give one example to show how the resistance depends on the nature of material of the conductor.
(b) Calculate the resistance of an aluminium cable of length 10 km and diameter 2.0 mm if the resistivity of aluminium is 2.7 x 10-8Ωm.
What is the general name of the substances having infinitely high electrical resistance ?
Distinguish between good conductors, resistors and insulators. Name two good conductors, two resistors and two insulators.
A p.d. of 10 V is needed to make a current of 0.02 A flow through a wire. What p.d. is needed to make a current of 250 mA flow through the same wire ?
(a) In which direction does conventional current flow around a circuit ?
(b) In which direction do electrons flow ?
How many electrons are flowing per second past a point in a circuit in which there is a current of 5 amp ?
How does the resistance of a conductor depend on :
(a) length of the conductor ?
(b) area of cross-section of the conductor ?
(c) temperature of the conductor ?
Show how you would connect two 4 ohm resistors to produce a combined resistance of
(a) 2 ohms
(b) 8 ohms.
What do you understand by the term “electric potential” ? (or potential) at a point ? What is the unit of electric potential ?
Keeping the potential difference constant, the resistance of a circuit is halved. By how much does the current change ?
A resistance of 20 ohms has a current of 2 amperes flowing in it. What potential difference is there between its ends ?
(a) Define the unit of resistance (or Define the unit “ohm”).
What happens to the resistance as the conductor is made thinner ?
Keeping the potential difference constant, the resistance of a circuit is doubled. By how much does the current change ?
The electrical resistivities of five substances A, B, C, D and E are given below :
A 5.20 x l0-8 Ω m
(a) What do you understand by the term “potential difference” ?
(b) What is meant by saying that the potential difference between two points is 1 volt ?
(c) What is the potential difference between the terminals of a battery if 250 joules of work is required to transfer 20 coulombs of charge from one terminal of battery to the other ?
(d) What is a voltmeter ? How is a voltmeter connected in the circuit to measure the potential difference between two points. Explain with the help of a diagram.
(e) State whether a voltmeter has a high resistance or a low resistance. Give reason for your answer.
(a) Write down the formula which relates electric charge, time and electric current.
(b) A radio set draws a current of 0.36 A for 15 minutes. Calculate the amount of electric charge that flows through the circuit.
If the charge on an electron is 1.6 x 10-19 coulombs, how many electrons should pass through a conductor in 1 second to constitute 1 ampere current ?
The p.d. across a lamp is 12 V. How many joules of electrical energy are changed into heat and light when :
(a) a charge of 1 C passes through it ?
(b) a charge of 5 C passes through it ?
(c) a current of 2 A flows through it for 10 s ?
In 10 s, a charge of 25 C leaves a battery, and 200 j of energy are delivered to an outside circuit as a result.
(a) What is the p.d. across the battery ?
(b) What current flows from the battery ?
Name the law which relates the current in a conductor to the potential difference across its ends.
Keeping the resistance constant, the potential difference applied across the ends of a component is halved. By how much does the current change ?
(a) Why do electricians wear rubber hand gloves while working with electricity ?
(b) What p.d. is needed to send a current of 6 A through an electrical appliance having a resistance of 40 Ω ?
(a) What is the ratio of potential difference and current known as ?
(b) The values of potential difference V applied across a resistor and the corresponding values of current I
flowing in the resistor are given below :
(c) Name the law which is illustrated by the above V-I graph.
(d) Write down the formula which states the relation between potential difference, current and resistance,
(e) The potential difference between the terminals of an electric iron is 240 V and the current is 5.0 A. What is the resistance of the electric iron ?
A current of 200 mA flows through a 4 kΩ resistor. What is the p.d. across the resistor ?
Calculate the area of cross-section of a wire if its length is 1.0 m, its resistance is 23 Ω and the resistivity of the material of the wire is 1.84 x 10-6 Ωm.
If 3 resistances of 3 ohm each are connected in parallel, what will be their total resistance ?
How should the two resistances of 2 ohms each be connencted so as to produce an equivalent resistance of 1 ohm ?
What possible values of resultant resistance one can get by combining two resistances, one of value 2 ohm and the other 6 ohm ?
A wire that has resistance R is cut into two equal pieces. The two parts are joined in parallel. What is the resistance of the combination ?
Two resistors, with resistances 5 Ω and 10 Ω respectively are to be connected to a battery of emf 6 V so as to obtain :
(i) minimum current flowing (ii) maximum current flowing
(a) How will you connect the resistances in each case ? .
(b) Calculate the strength of the total current in the circuit in the two cases.