What were the circumstances which led to the Khilafat and the Non-Cooperation Movement ?
Or
Why did Mahatma Gandhi feel the need to launch a broad-based movement in 1920 ? Give any three reasons.
Explain any three causes that led to the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1920.
[CBSE 2014 (D)Compt]
(i) Conditions Created by the First World War : The First World War was fought from 1914 to 1918.
• It led to huge increase in defence expenditure which was financed by taxes.
• Due to war prices increased many times leading to extreme hardship for common people.
• Crops failed in 1918-19 resulting in acute shortage of food.
• Many people lost their lives in the war and due to epidemic.
• Forced recruitment in the army caused widespread anger.
(ii) Gandhiji's Return and Satyagraha :
Mahatma Gandhi returned to India from South Africa in 1915 where he had successfully fought against the racist regime with his new method of mass agitation and nonviolence known as Satyagraha. In India he launched satyagraha movements at various places. These satyagrahas provided base to the Non-Cooperation Movement.
(iii) The Rowlatt Act : The Act was passed by the Imperial Legislative Assembly. The act provided enormous powers to police. The police got the power to arrest anyone without any trial. The aim of the act was to repress political activities.
(iv) Jallianwalla Bagh : The Jallianwala Bagh added fuel to the fire. People were already agitating against the Rowlatt Act. People had gathered to protest against the new act in the Jallianwala Bagh. General Dyer entered the park and ordered fire killing many people. As the news spread, crowds took to the streets.
(v) United Struggle : The fear of harsh treaty on the Ottoman emperor (the Khalifa) brought the Muslims close to Gandhiji. A young generation of Muslim leaders like Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali was in favour of a united mass action against the Britishers.
What is meant by the idea of Satyagraha ?
Or
Explain the idea of Satyagraha according to Gandhiji. [CBSE 2014 (D)]
Plantation workers too had their own understanding of Gandhiji's notion of Swaraj."Explain.
"The effects of Non-cooperation on the economic front were more dramtic."Explain.
Or
Explain the effects of Non-Cooperation Movement on the economic front.
[CBSE 2014 (F)] Or
Explain the impact of Non-Cooperation Movement in the economic field.
[CBSE 2012]
What were the major demands of the peasants who participated in the Non cooperation Khilafat movement ? Mention any two ?
Name the Commission which was formed to look into the functioning of the constitu tional system in India. Who was the President of the Commission.
Under what circumstances, the Puma Swaraj was demanded by the Congress ?
Or
Mention the main contents of resolution passed in the Lahore Session of Indian National Congress in December 1929 held under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru. [CBSE2014]
Or
Explain the reason for the Lahore Session of the Congress in 1929 to be called the historical session.
Explain the role of Ambedkar in uplifting the dalits or the depressed classes. [CBSE March 2011]
Why was the Simon Commission constituted ? Why was the commission rejected by the Indians ?
Why did the business class participate in the Civil Disobedience Movement ? [CBSE 2014(D)]
How did the British government respond to protests, clashes and attacks by the Indian against the Jallianwala Bagh incident ?
Name any two organisations which were formed by the business class to organise their business interests.
Why did the political leaders differ sharply over the question of separate electorates ?[CBSE2015]
Carefully study the given paragraph from your textbook and answer the questions that follows :
As the news of the Jallianwala Bagh spread, crowds took to the streets in many North Indian towns. There were strikes and clashes with the police and attacks on government buildings. The government responded with brutal repression, seeking to humiliate and terrorise people: Satyagrahis were forced to rub their noses on the ground, crawl on the streets, and do salaam (salute) to all sahibs ; people were flogged and villages (around Gujranwala in Punjab, now in Pakistan) were bombed. Seeing violence spread, Mahatma Gandhi called off the movement.
(i) Which Movement was called off by Gandhiji ?
(ii) Why was the Movement launched ?
Why the industrial working class did not participate in the Civil Disobedience Movement in large numbers ? Mention any two demands of the workers who participated in the movement. [CBSE 2014(F)]
Or
“The Congress was reluctant to include the demands of industrial workers in its programme of struggle.” Analyse the reasons. [CBSE 2015 (D)]
What were circumstances which led to Jallianwala Bagh incident ? Describe in brief the reaction of the people immediately after the incident. [CBSE 2009 (F)] Or
Explain the impact of Jallianwala Bagh incident on the people. [CBSE 2014 (O)]
Discuss the Salt March to make clear why it was an effective symbol of resistance against colonialism. [CBSE 2015 (O)]
Discuss: The Salt March to make clear why it was an effective symbol of resistance against colonialism.
What were the factors responsible for the gradual slow down of the Non Cooperation movement ? [CBSE 2008 (D), 2013 (D)]
Or
Why did the Non-Cooperation Movement gradually slow down in the cities ? Give reasons. [CBSE March 2011, 2014, 21015 (D)]
Why did the poor peasants join the Civil Disobedience Movement ? Why did the relationship between the poor peasants and the Congress remain uncertain ? [CBSE 2014(D)]
Why the rich peasants became enthusiastic supporters of the Civil Disobedience movement?
Who was the writer of the book, Hind Swaraj'. What was the theme of the book?
Or
Explain the ideas of Gandhiji as he expressed in the famous book ‘Hind Swaraj’ regarding Non-cooperation. [CBSE 2012]
What was the impact of the First World War on India ?[CBSE 2015]
Or
Explain new economic and political situations created in India during the First World War. [CBSE 2008 (O)]
Or
What was the impact of the First World War on the economic conditions in India ? [CBSE March 2011, 2013 (D)]