Write a newspaper report on :
(a) The Jallianwala Bagh massacre
(b) The Simon Commission
(a) The Jallianwala Bagh massacre : A public meeting was announced for the 13th April, 1919, at Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar to protest against the Rowlatt Act. The people were allowed to assemble there. After they had gathered there in thousands, General Dyer marched there with armoured cars and troops. Without giving any warning to the people to disperse, he ordered firing on the unarmed, and the peaceful people. The casualties among the Indians were very heavy. Dyer's purpose in doing so was to ‘produce a moral effect', to create in the minds of Satyagrahis, a feeling of terror and awe. This massacre of innocent people in thousands converted Mahatma Gandhi into a non-cooperator.
(b) (i) The Indian members of the Central Legislative Assembly exposed the drawbacks in the Government of India Act of 1919 A.D. As a result of it, the Simon Commission was appointed in 1927 A.D. to suggest any further constitutional reforms. This commission consisted of seven members and its Chairman was Sir John Simon.
(ii) Why was it boycotted by the Indians?
But Indians boycotted the Simon Commission, because there was no Indian member in this commission. The terms of the commission's appointment did not give any indication of ‘Swaraj', while the demand of the Indians was only ‘Swaraj'. Therefore, the Indian National Congress, the Muslim League and other parties decided to oppose the Simon Commission.
(iii) Methods : Indian people organised hartals all over the country. They also held black flag demonstration with the slogan, "Simon go back", when the Commission reached Bombay (Mumbai). Such demonstrations were held everywhere it went.
What is meant by the idea of Satyagraha ?
Or
Explain the idea of Satyagraha according to Gandhiji. [CBSE 2014 (D)]
Plantation workers too had their own understanding of Gandhiji's notion of Swaraj."Explain.
"The effects of Non-cooperation on the economic front were more dramtic."Explain.
Or
Explain the effects of Non-Cooperation Movement on the economic front.
[CBSE 2014 (F)] Or
Explain the impact of Non-Cooperation Movement in the economic field.
[CBSE 2012]
Under what circumstances, the Puma Swaraj was demanded by the Congress ?
Or
Mention the main contents of resolution passed in the Lahore Session of Indian National Congress in December 1929 held under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru. [CBSE2014]
Or
Explain the reason for the Lahore Session of the Congress in 1929 to be called the historical session.
Why did the business class participate in the Civil Disobedience Movement ? [CBSE 2014(D)]
Explain the role of Ambedkar in uplifting the dalits or the depressed classes. [CBSE March 2011]
What were the major demands of the peasants who participated in the Non cooperation Khilafat movement ? Mention any two ?
Name the Commission which was formed to look into the functioning of the constitu tional system in India. Who was the President of the Commission.
Why was the Simon Commission constituted ? Why was the commission rejected by the Indians ?
Carefully study the given paragraph from your textbook and answer the questions that follows :
As the news of the Jallianwala Bagh spread, crowds took to the streets in many North Indian towns. There were strikes and clashes with the police and attacks on government buildings. The government responded with brutal repression, seeking to humiliate and terrorise people: Satyagrahis were forced to rub their noses on the ground, crawl on the streets, and do salaam (salute) to all sahibs ; people were flogged and villages (around Gujranwala in Punjab, now in Pakistan) were bombed. Seeing violence spread, Mahatma Gandhi called off the movement.
(i) Which Movement was called off by Gandhiji ?
(ii) Why was the Movement launched ?
Name any two organisations which were formed by the business class to organise their business interests.
Why did the political leaders differ sharply over the question of separate electorates ?[CBSE2015]
How did the British government respond to protests, clashes and attacks by the Indian against the Jallianwala Bagh incident ?
Why the industrial working class did not participate in the Civil Disobedience Movement in large numbers ? Mention any two demands of the workers who participated in the movement. [CBSE 2014(F)]
Or
“The Congress was reluctant to include the demands of industrial workers in its programme of struggle.” Analyse the reasons. [CBSE 2015 (D)]
Why the rich peasants became enthusiastic supporters of the Civil Disobedience movement?
Who was the writer of the book, Hind Swaraj'. What was the theme of the book?
Or
Explain the ideas of Gandhiji as he expressed in the famous book ‘Hind Swaraj’ regarding Non-cooperation. [CBSE 2012]
What were the factors responsible for the gradual slow down of the Non Cooperation movement ? [CBSE 2008 (D), 2013 (D)]
Or
Why did the Non-Cooperation Movement gradually slow down in the cities ? Give reasons. [CBSE March 2011, 2014, 21015 (D)]
What were circumstances which led to Jallianwala Bagh incident ? Describe in brief the reaction of the people immediately after the incident. [CBSE 2009 (F)] Or
Explain the impact of Jallianwala Bagh incident on the people. [CBSE 2014 (O)]
Discuss the Salt March to make clear why it was an effective symbol of resistance against colonialism. [CBSE 2015 (O)]
Discuss: The Salt March to make clear why it was an effective symbol of resistance against colonialism.
What was Satyagraha ? Name any two places where Satyagraha was launched by Gandhiji.
Or
Name the two main ‘Satyagraha' movements organised by Mahatma Gandhi successfully in favour of peasants in 1916 and 1917.
[CBSE 2008 (D), March 2011]
What was the impact of the First World War on India ?[CBSE 2015]
Or
Explain new economic and political situations created in India during the First World War. [CBSE 2008 (O)]
Or
What was the impact of the First World War on the economic conditions in India ? [CBSE March 2011, 2013 (D)]
Why did the poor peasants join the Civil Disobedience Movement ? Why did the relationship between the poor peasants and the Congress remain uncertain ? [CBSE 2014(D)]