Write a newspaper report on :
(a) The Jallianwala Bagh massacre
(b) The Simon Commission
(a) The Jallianwala Bagh massacre : A public meeting was announced for the 13th April, 1919, at Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar to protest against the Rowlatt Act. The people were allowed to assemble there. After they had gathered there in thousands, General Dyer marched there with armoured cars and troops. Without giving any warning to the people to disperse, he ordered firing on the unarmed, and the peaceful people. The casualties among the Indians were very heavy. Dyer's purpose in doing so was to ‘produce a moral effect', to create in the minds of Satyagrahis, a feeling of terror and awe. This massacre of innocent people in thousands converted Mahatma Gandhi into a non-cooperator.
(b) (i) The Indian members of the Central Legislative Assembly exposed the drawbacks in the Government of India Act of 1919 A.D. As a result of it, the Simon Commission was appointed in 1927 A.D. to suggest any further constitutional reforms. This commission consisted of seven members and its Chairman was Sir John Simon.
(ii) Why was it boycotted by the Indians?
But Indians boycotted the Simon Commission, because there was no Indian member in this commission. The terms of the commission's appointment did not give any indication of ‘Swaraj', while the demand of the Indians was only ‘Swaraj'. Therefore, the Indian National Congress, the Muslim League and other parties decided to oppose the Simon Commission.
(iii) Methods : Indian people organised hartals all over the country. They also held black flag demonstration with the slogan, "Simon go back", when the Commission reached Bombay (Mumbai). Such demonstrations were held everywhere it went.
What is meant by the idea of Satyagraha ?
Or
Explain the idea of Satyagraha according to Gandhiji. [CBSE 2014 (D)]
Imagine you are a woman participating in the Civil Disobedience Movement. Explain what the experience meant to your life.
Or
Women played a very important role in the Civil Disobedience Movement.' Explain.
(i) Why the Congress ignored the dalit's or oppressed for a long time ?
(ii) Name the national leader who declared that swaraj would not come for a hundred years if untou- chability was not eliminated.
Why did the poor peasants join the Civil Disobedience Movement ? Why did the relationship between the poor peasants and the Congress remain uncertain ? [CBSE 2014(D)]
What was the impact of the First World War on India ?[CBSE 2015]
Or
Explain new economic and political situations created in India during the First World War. [CBSE 2008 (O)]
Or
What was the impact of the First World War on the economic conditions in India ? [CBSE March 2011, 2013 (D)]
Why the rich peasants became enthusiastic supporters of the Civil Disobedience movement?
Name any two organisations which were formed by the business class to organise their business interests.
Describe briefly any three economic effects of the Non-Cooperation Movement. [CBSE 2009 (O)]
Why salt was chosen as a weapon by Gandhiji to fight against the Britishers ?
Or
Why did Mahatma Gandhi perceive “salt' as a powerful symbol that unite the nation? [CBSE March 2011]
Why did the business class participate in the Civil Disobedience Movement ? [CBSE 2014(D)]
Name the Commission which was formed to look into the functioning of the constitu tional system in India. Who was the President of the Commission.
What were the factors responsible for the gradual slow down of the Non Cooperation movement ? [CBSE 2008 (D), 2013 (D)]
Or
Why did the Non-Cooperation Movement gradually slow down in the cities ? Give reasons. [CBSE March 2011, 2014, 21015 (D)]
Under what circumstances, the Puma Swaraj was demanded by the Congress ?
Or
Mention the main contents of resolution passed in the Lahore Session of Indian National Congress in December 1929 held under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru. [CBSE2014]
Or
Explain the reason for the Lahore Session of the Congress in 1929 to be called the historical session.
Carefully study the given paragraph from your textbook and answer the questions that follows :
As the news of the Jallianwala Bagh spread, crowds took to the streets in many North Indian towns. There were strikes and clashes with the police and attacks on government buildings. The government responded with brutal repression, seeking to humiliate and terrorise people: Satyagrahis were forced to rub their noses on the ground, crawl on the streets, and do salaam (salute) to all sahibs ; people were flogged and villages (around Gujranwala in Punjab, now in Pakistan) were bombed. Seeing violence spread, Mahatma Gandhi called off the movement.
(i) Which Movement was called off by Gandhiji ?
(ii) Why was the Movement launched ?
Explain the effects of “worldwide economic depression' on India, towards late 1920s. [CBSE2013 (O)]
Who designed the Swaraj flag? What were the features of this flag ? How was it used as a symbol of defiance ? [CBSE March 2012]
Plantation workers too had their own understanding of Gandhiji's notion of Swaraj."Explain.
Explain:
(a) Why is the growth of nationalism in the colonies linked to an anti-colonial movement ?
(b) How did the First World War help in the growth of the National Movement in India? [CBSE2014]
Or
Explain any four facts to show how did the First World War help in the growth of the National Movement in India. [CBSE March 2011]
(a) Why were Indians outraged by the Rowlatt Act ?
(b) Why did Gandhiji decide to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement?
Explain the role of Ambedkar in uplifting the dalits or the depressed classes. [CBSE March 2011]
Name the Pact which gave the Depressed Classes reserved seats in provincial and central legislative councils.
Who was the writer of the book, Hind Swaraj'. What was the theme of the book?
Or
Explain the ideas of Gandhiji as he expressed in the famous book ‘Hind Swaraj’ regarding Non-cooperation. [CBSE 2012]
"The effects of Non-cooperation on the economic front were more dramtic."Explain.
Or
Explain the effects of Non-Cooperation Movement on the economic front.
[CBSE 2014 (F)] Or
Explain the impact of Non-Cooperation Movement in the economic field.
[CBSE 2012]
Why the industrial working class did not participate in the Civil Disobedience Movement in large numbers ? Mention any two demands of the workers who participated in the movement. [CBSE 2014(F)]
Or
“The Congress was reluctant to include the demands of industrial workers in its programme of struggle.” Analyse the reasons. [CBSE 2015 (D)]
Explain the contribution of the various social groups in the Civil Disobedience Movement. [CBSE 2014]
Or
Various classes and groups of Indians participated in the Civil Disobedience Movement for different reasons. Choose any four classes and explain their reason to participate in the movement. [CBSE 2012]
Under what circumstances the Civil Disobedience or the Salt Movement was launched? Explain. [CBSE 2013 (O)] Or
Describe the main events leading to Salt March and Civil Disobedience Movement in 1930. [CBSE March 2011 ]
Why Dr. B.R. Ambedkar clashed with Mahatma Gandhi at the Second Round Table Conference ?
Who published a massive four volume collection of Tamil Folk tales, The Folklore of Southern India ?