(a) What is spinal cord ? What is its main function ?
(b) Give the functions of medulla.
(a) Spinal cord is a cylindrical structure which begins in continuation with medulla and extends downwards. Its function is the conduction of nerve impulses to and from the brain and it is concerned with spinal reflex actions.
(b) The medulla controls various involuntary actions such as heart beat, breathing, blood pressure and peristaltic movements of the elementary canal.
It is also the controlling centre for reflexes such a swallowing, coughing, sneezing, secretion of saliva and vomiting.
(a) Name the hormones secreted by the following endocrine glands :
(i) Thyroid gland (ii) Parathyroid glands (iii) Pancreas (iv) Adrenal glands
(b) Write the functions of testosterone and oestrogen hormones.
What is the function of insulin hormone ? What type of patients are given insulin injections ?
(a) What does a plant root do in response to water ? What is this phenomenon known as ?
(b) What happens to the moonflower (i) during daytime, and (ii) at night ? What is this phenomenon known as ?
a) What are the short fibres of a neuron known as ?
What is the long fibre of a neuron known as ?
Which halogen element is necessary for the making of thyroxine hormone by the thyroid gland ?
(a) Which plant hormone is present in greater concentration in the areas of rapid cell division?
(b) Give one example of a plant growth promoter and a plant growth inhibitor.
(a) What does a Mimosa pudica plant do in response to touch ? What is this phenomenon known as ?
(b) What happens to the dandelion flower (z) during daytime, and (ii) at night ? What is this phenomenon known as ?
(a) Name the structural and functional unit of nervous system.
(b) Draw a flow chart to show the classification of nervous system into various parts.
(c) What is autonomic nervous system ? What is its function ?
(d) What is voluntary nervous system ? Explain the working of voluntary nervous system with an example.
Name, the two main organs of our central nervous system. Which one of them plays a major role in sending command to muscles to act without involving thinking process? Name the phenomenon involved.
(a) What does a stem (or shoot) do in response to gravity ? What is this phenomenon known as ?
(b) What does a root do in response to light ? What is this phenomenon known as ?
State the functions of the following hormones :
(a) Thyroxine (b) Adrenaline (c) Growth hormone
What is chemotropism? Give one example. Name any two plant hormones and mention their functions.
Give the scientific terms used to represent the following :
(a) Bending of a shoot towards light.
(b) Growing of roots towards the earth.
(c) Growth of a pollen tube towards ovule.
(d) Bending of roots towards water.
(e) Winding of tendril around a support
Give one example of the movement of a plant part which is caused by the loss of water (or migration of water).
(a) The human brain can be broadly divided into three regions. Name these three regions.
(b) What is cranium ? What is its function ?
Mention one function for each of these hormones:
(a) Thyroxin (b) Insulin (c) Adrenaline (d) Growth hormone (e) Testosterone.
Name various plant hormones. Also give their physiological effects on plant growth and development.
Name the plant hormones which help/promote (i) cell division (ii) growth of
the stem and roots?
What is the general name of chemical substances which bring about control and coordination in plants ?
Distinguish between tropic movements and nastic movements in plants. Give examples to illustrate your answer.
What are the scientific names for the following receptors in animals ?
(a) receptors for light
(b) receptors for heat
(c) receptors for sound
(d) receptors for smell
(e) receptors for taste
Name one gland each :
(a) which acts only as an endocrine gland.
(b) which acts only as an exocrine gland.
(c) which acts both as an endocrine gland as well as an gxocrine gland.
Which one term in each of the following includes the other three ?
(a) thyroid, ductless gland, thymus, pituitary, ovary
(b) adrenalin, insulin, hormone, thyroxine, estrogen
In what ways are puberty and adolescence result of the activity of some glands in the human body ?
Explain the difference between each of the following pairs of terms :
(a) receptor and effector (b) cerebrum and cerebellum
(a) What is a reflex action ? Explain with the help of an example.
(b) Define reflex arc. Give the flow chart of a spinal reflex arc.
(c) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other ?