The application of electro-osmosis to dewatering of soil was largely developed by L. Casagrande.

A flow net can be utilized for determination of seepage, seepage pressure, hydrostatic pressure, and exit gradient.

Fully penetrating slot is used for both confined and unconfined case of flow.

The seepage analysis is done on the assumptions that the flow is laminar and Darcy’s law is valid and further assumed that the soil to be dewatered is homogeneous and isotropic.

Using the formula, hW = h -Z

EA= extra length factor, which is a function of the ratio of slot penetration p to the thickness of pervious stratum b.

In 1956, chapmen developed an expression for finding the discharge qP from a partially penetrating slot in an unconfined aquifer from his model studies.

The seepage medium is replaced by an electric conductor consisting of water with some salt or dilutes hydrochloric acid.

ie =Δ h /l, represent gradient formula where Δ h=potential drop and l is the average of last field in the flow net at the exit end.

The equation hW=h – Z, can be used to plot pressure net representing lines of equal water pressure without the saturated soil mass since all the three quantities in the equation can be expressed a the percentage of total hydraulic head H.