Predetection samples are provided only on symbol boundaries. A condition in which only one sample per symbol are provided is called as symbol spaced and the condition in which multiple samples are provided per symbol is called as fractionally spaced.

An eye pattern is a display that results from measuring a system’s response to baseband signals in a prescribed way. The width of the opening gives the time over which the sampling for detection might be performed.

The filters used with equalizers can be linear devices that contain only feed forward elements or non linear devices with both feed forward and feed back elements.

When channels phase response is not a linear function of frequency within W then phase distortion occurs.

In maximum likelihood sequence estimator it measures the impulse response value and adjusts the receiver environment according to that of the transmitter.

When modulus of channel’s transfer function is not constant within W then amplitude distortion occurs.

Linear devices with only feed forward elements are called as transversal equalizers and non linear devices with both feed forward and feed back elements are called as decision feedback equalizers.

Equalization process can be divided into two major categories called as maximum likelihood sequence estimator and equalizer with a filter.

The time difference of the zero crossing in the eye pattern gives the value of timing jitter.

To achieve ideal transmission characteristics, the signal’s bandwidth must be constant and the channel’s phase response must be a linear function of frequency.