Question:
What are the limitations of Rutherford’s model of the atom?
Answer:
Limitations of Rutherford's model:
- According to Rutherford's model, electrons revolve around positive charged nucleus. Any particle in circular motion would undergo acceleration. But according to electromagnetic theory, if a charged body (electron) rotates around another charge body (nucleus), it will radiate energy. Due to radiation, loss of energy takes place and speed of electron will decrease. Eventually it will fall into the nucleus. But such collapse does not occur.
- Rutherford could not explain how many electrons rotate in a particular orbit.
Structure of the Atom
Q 1.
Who discovered protons?
Q 2.
What do you think would be the observation if the ?-particle scattering experiment is carried out using a foil of a metal other than gold?
Q 3.
Fill in the blanks :
In the three fundamental sub-atomic particles, _________ are negatively charged, _________ are positively charged and ____________ have no charges.
Q 4.
Describe briefly Thomson's model of an atom.
Q 5.
Compare an electron, a proton and a neutron in respect of their relative masses and charges.
Q 6.
Fill in the blanks :
Anode rays are also called ___________.
Q 7.
What is the relationship between an atom containing 11 protons, 11 electrons and 11 neutrons, and another atom containing 11 protons, 11 electrons and 12 neutrons ?
Q 8.
If an atom contains one electron and one proton, will it carry any charge or not?
Q 9.
On the basis of Rutherford’s model of an atom, which subatomic particle is present in the nucleus of an atom?
Q 10.
What is the absolute mass and charge of a proton ?
Q 11.
What is the maximum number of electrons which can be accommodated in the L shell of an atom
Q 12.
How many times is a proton heavier than an electron ?
Q 13.
State the number of electrons present in the outermost shell of the atoms of the following elements :
(i) Neon(ii)Chlorine
Q 14.
What is the maximum number of electrons an M shell of the atom can accommodate ?
Q 15.
What is mass number?
Q 16.
What is ionization energy?
Q 17.
Write a short note on Nucleus.
Q 18.
Give one use each of the following radioactive isotopes :
(a)Uranium-235 (b) Cobalt-60
Q 19.
What is a neutron ? State its relative mass and charge.
Q 20.
Fill in the blanks :
Atoms are made up of __________, ___________ and __________.
Q 21.
Who discovered electrons?
Q 22.
Fill in the blanks :
______ are atoms of the same element, which have same number of protons but different mass numbers.
Q 23.
If A = 23 and Z = 11 for Na atom, how many protons, electrons and neutrons present in Na atom?
Q 24.
Fill in the blanks :
Rutherford's scattering experiment is related to to the size of ____________.
Q 25.
Fill in the blanks :
The maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in L-shell are _______.
Q 26.
What are ?-particles?
Q 27.
What were the important features of atomic model based on Rutherford's scattering experiment?
Q 28.
Fill in the following blanks in respect of an atom of an element :
No.of
protons | No.of
neutrons | Mass number | Atomic
number | No.of
electrons | Valency |
|---|
| 11 | 12 | ........ | ....... | ........ | ......... |
Q 29.
State the location of electrons, protons and neutrons in an atom.
Q 30.
How does an electron differ from a neutron ?
Q 31.
Name the radioactive isotope which is used in the treatment of cancer.
Q 32.
What name is given to those atoms which contain the same number of protons and electrons but different number of neutrons ?
Q 33.
Name the shell of an atom which can accommodate a maximum of
(a) 2 electrons (b) 18 electrons
Q 34.
Name the scientist who discovered electron.
Q 35.
Which part of an atom was discovered by Rutherford's alpha particle scattering experiment ?
Q 36.
What is the absolute mass and charge of an electron ?
Q 37.
The total number of electrons in a nitrogen atom is 7. Find the number of valence electrons in it.
Q 38.
What name is given to those isotopes which have unstable nuclei and emit various types of radiations ?
Q 39.
Name the fundamental particle not present in the nucleus of hydrogen atom
Q 40.
What are canal rays?
Q 41.
What are the properties of anode rays?
Q 42.
Who is known as 'Father of Nucleus Physics'?
Q 43.
Draw a sketch of Bohr’s model of an atom with three shells.
Q 44.
Given that the percentage abundance of the isotope
Ne, is 90% and that of the isotope
Ne, is 10%,calculate the average atomic mass of neon.
Q 45.
Write the limitations of J.J. Thomson's model of an atom.
Q 46.
Fill in the blanks :
The fundamental sub-atomic particle called neutron was discovered by ___________.
Q 47.
Fill in the blanks :
The _________ of an atom is dense, small in size and is positively charged.
Q 48.
Fill in the blanks :
The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is called its __________.
Q 49.
Fill in the blanks :
The maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in K-shell are _______.
Q 50.
Name the positively charged particle present in the atoms of all the element
