Ionic solids, which have anionic vacancies due to metal excess defect, develop colour. Explain with the help of a suitable example.
Let us take an example of NaCl. When NaCl crystal is heated in presence of Na vapour, some Cl–ions leave their lattice sites to combine with Na to form NaCl. The e-1 s lost by Na to form Na+ (Na+ + Cl–—> NaCl) then diffuse into the crystal to occupy the anion vacancies. These sites are called F-centres. These e-s absorb energy from visible light, get excited to higher energy level and when they fall back to ground state, they impart yellow colour to NaCl crystal.
Explain how vacancies are introduced in an ionic solid when a cation of higher valence is added as an impurity in it.
A cubic solid is made of two elements P and Q. Atoms Q are at the corners of the cube and P at the body centre. What is the formula of the compound ? What is the co-ordination number of P and Q?
Classify each of the following as being either a p-type or n-type semiconductor :
A compound forms hexagonal close-packed. structure. What is the total number of voids in 0. 5 mol of it? How many of these are tetrahedral voids?
An excess of potassium ions makes KCl crystals appear violet or Lilac in colour since
(a) some of the anionic sites are occupied by an unpaired electron
(b) some of the anionic sites are occupied by a pair of electrons
(c) there are vacancies at some’anionic sites
(d) F-centres are created which impart colour to the crystals
The total number of tetrahedral voids in the face centered unit cell is
(a) 6 (c) 10
(b) 8 (d) 12
A sample of ferrous oxide has actual formula Fe0.93 O1.00. In this sample, what fraction of metal ions are Fe2+ ions? What is the type of non-stoichiometric defect present in this sample? '
Explain how many portions of an atom located at
(i)corner and (ii)body centre of a cubic unit cell is part of its neighbouring unit cell.
Ionic solids, which have anionic vacancies due to metal excess defect, develop colour. Explain with the help of a suitable example.
How many lattice points are there is one unit cell of each of the following lattices?
(i) Face centred cubic (if) Face centred tetragonal (iii) Body centred cubic
Copper crystallises into a fee lattice with edge length 3.61 x 10-8 cm. Show that the calculated density is in agreement with its measured value of 8.92 gcm-3.
Ferric oxide crystallises in a hexagonal dose- packed array of oxide ions with two out of every three octahedral holes occupied by ferric ions. Derive the formula of the ferric oxide.
Gold (atomic radius = 0.144 nm) crystallises in a face centred unit cell. What is the length of the side of the unit cell ?
Cations are present in the interstitial sites in
(a) Frenkel defect (b) Schottky defect
(c) vacancy defect (d) metal deficiency defect .
In which pair most efficient packing is present?
(a) hep and bcc (b) hep and ccp
(c) bcc and ccp (d) bcc and simple cubic cell
The number of tetrahedral voids per unit cell in NaCl crystal is
(c) twice the number of octahedral voids
(d) four times the number of octahedral voids
Which of the following features are not shown by quartz glass?
(a) This is a crystalline solid
(b) Refractive index is same in all the directions
(c) This has definite heat of fusion
(d) This is also called super cooled liquid
Which of the following defects decrease the density?
(a) Interstitial defect (b) Vacancy defect
(c) Frenkel defect (d) Schottky defect
Assertion (A): The packing efficiency is maximum for the fee structure. Reason (R): The coordination number is 12 in fee structures.
What is the two-dimensional coordination number of a molecule in a square close-packed layer?
Classify the following as amorphous or crystalline solids: Polyurethane, naphthalene, benzoic acid, Teflon, potassium nitrate, cellophane, polyvinyl chloride, fibreglass, copper
A compound is formed by two elements M and N. The element N forms ccp and atoms of M occupy l/3rd of tetrahedral voids. What is the formula of the compound?
What type of defect can arise when a solid is heated? Which physical property is affected by it and in what way?
Explain:
(i) The basis of similarities and differences between metallic and ionic crystals.
(ii) Ionic solids are hard and brittle.
Niobium crystallises in a body centred cubic structure. If density is 8.55 g cm-3, calculate atomic radius of niobium, using its atomic mass 93u.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a crystalline solid?
(a) Definite and characteristic heat of fusion
(b) Isotropic nature
(c) A regular periodically repeated pattern of arrangement of constituent particles in the entire crystal
(d) A true solid
Which of the following is not the characteristic of ionic solids?
(a) Very low value of electrical conductivity in the molten state
(b) Brittle nature
(c) Very strong forces of interactions
(d) Anisotropic nature
In the cubic close packing, the unit cell has
(a) 4 tetrahedral voids each of which is shared by four adjacent unit cells
(b) 4 tetrahedral voids within the unit cell
(c) 8 tetrahedral voids each of which is shared by four adjacent unit cells
(d) 8 tetrahedral voids within the unit cells.
Which of the following statements are correct?
(a) Ferrimagnetic substances lose ferrimagnetism on heating and become paramagnetic
(b) Ferrimagnetic’substances do not lose ferrimagnetism on heating and remain ferrimagnetic
(c) Antiferromagnetic substances have domain structure similar to ferromagnetic substances and their magnetic moments are not cancelled by each other
(d) In ferromagnetic substances, all the domains get oriented in the direction of magnetic field and remain as such even after removing magnetic field.
Which of the following cannot be regarded as molecular solid?
(a) SiC (b) AIN
(c) Diamond (d) I2
In which of the following arrangements octahedral voids are formed?
(a) hep (b) bcc (c) simple cubic (d) fee
A compound is formed by two elements M and N. The element N forms ccp and atoms of the element M occupy 1/3 of the tetrahedral voids. What is the formula of the compound? (C.B.S.E. Foreign 2015)
A group 14 element is to be converted into n-type semiconductor by doping it with a suitable impurity. To which group should this impurity belong?
Distinguish between
(i) Hexagonal and monoclinic unit cells
(ii) Face-centred and end-centred unit cells.
Ionic solids, which have anionic vacancies due to metal excess defect, develop colour. Explain with the help of a suitable example.
A group 14 element is to be converted into n-type semiconductor by doping it with a suitable impurity. To which group should this impurity belong?
Classify each of the following solids as ionic, metallic, modular, network (covalent) or amorphous:
(i) Tetra phosphorus decoxide (P4O10) (ii) Ammonium phosphate, (NH4)3P04 (iii) SiC (iv) I2 (v) P4 (vii) Graphite (viii), Brass (ix) Rb (x) LiBr (xi) Si
How can you determine the atomic mass of an unknown metal if you know its density and the dimensions of its unit cell? Explain.
Silver crystallises in fcc lattice. If edge length of the cell is 4.07 x 10-8 cm and density is 10.5 g cm-3, calculate the atomic mass of silver.
Niobium crystallises in a body centred cubic structure. If density is 8.55 g cm-3, calculate atomic radius of niobium, using its atomic mass 93u.
Explain the following with suitable example:
Refractive index of a solid is observed to have the same value along all directions. Comment on the nature of this solid. Would it show cleavage property?
Classify .the following solids in different categories based on the nature of intermolecular forces operating in them: Potassium sulphate, tin, benzene, urea, ammonia, water, zinc sulphide, graphite, rubidium, argon, silicon carbide
