Haloalkanes contain halogen atom(s) attached to sp3 hybridised carbon atom of an alkyl group. Identify haloalkane from the following compounds.
(a) 2-Bromopentane (b) Vinyl chloride (chloroethene)
(c) 2-Chloroacetophenone (d) Trichloromethane
In both of these compounds halogen atoms are attached to sp3 hybridised carbon atom of alkyl group.
Which alkyl halide from the following pairs would you expect to react more rapidly by an SN2 mechanism? Explain your answer.
Which of the following compounds will give racemic mixture on nucleophilic substitution by OH ion?
Chlorobenzene is formed by reaction of chlorine with benzene in the presence of AlCl3. Which of the following species attacks the benzene ring in this reaction?
(a) CP (b) Cl+ (c) AlCl3 (d) [AlCl4]–
Questions on the basis of the following reaction:
Which of the following statements are correct about the mechanism of this reaction?
(a) Acarbocation will be formed as an intermediate in the reaction.
(b) OH– will attach the substrate (iii) from one side and Cl– will leave it simultaneously from other side.
(c) An unstable intermediate will be formed in which OH– and Cl– will be attached by weak bonds.
(d) Reaction proceeds through SN1 mechanism.
Ethylene chloride and ethylidene chloride are isomers. Identify the correct statements.
(a) Both the compounds form same product on treatment with alcoholic KOH
(b) Both the compounds from same product on treatment with aqueous NaOH
(c) Both the compounds form same product on reduction
(d) Both the compounds are optically active
Alkyl halides are prepared from alcohol by treating with
(a) HCl + ZnCl2 (b) RedP + Br2
(c) H2SO4 + KI (d) all the above
Assertion (A): The boiling points of alkyl halides decrease in the order: RI > RBr > RCl > RF
Reason (R): The boiling points of alkyl chlorides, bromides and iodides are considerably higher than that of the hydrocarbon of comparable molecular mass.
How can you obtain iodoethane from ethanol when no other iodine containing reagent except Nal is available in the laboratory?
Some halogen containing compounds are useful in daily life. Some compounds of this class are responsible for exposure of flora and fauna to more and more of UV light which causes destruction to a great extent. Name the class of these halo compounds. In your opinion, what should be done to minimize harmful effects of these compounds.
p-Dichlorobenzene has higher m.p. and lower solubility than those of o-and m-isomers. Discuss.
Which of the following compounds can be classified as aryl halides ? (a) p-ClC6H4CH2CH(CH3)2 (b) p-CH3CHCl(C6H4)CH2CH3 (c) o-BrH2CC6H4CH(CH3)CH2CH3 (d) C6H5Cl
Diphenyls are potential threat to the environment. How are these produced from arylhalides?
Cyanide ion acts as an ambident nucleophile. From which end it acts as a stronger nucleophile in aqueous medium? Give reason for your answer.
Assertion (A): Presence of a nitro group at ortho or para position increases Reason (R): Nitro gjoup, being an electron withdrawing group decreases the electron density over the benzene ring.
Assertion (A): Aryl iodides can be prepared by reaction of arenas with iodine in the presence of an oxidizing agent.
Reason (R): Oxidising agent oxidises I2 into HI.
What happens when .
(i)n-butyi chloride is treated with alcoholic KOH.
(ii)bromobenzene is treated with Mg in the presence of dry ether.
(iii)chlorobenzene is subjected to hydrolysis.
(iv)ethyl chloride is treated with aqueous. KOH.
(v)methyl bromide is treated with sodium in the presence of dry ether,
(vi) methyl chloride is treated with KCN.
Which of the following alcohol will yield the corresponding alkyl chloride on reaction with concentrated HCl at room temperature?
Consider the following reaction and answer the questions
Which of the statements are correct about above reaction?
(a) Both (i) and (v) are nucleophiles
(b) In (iii), carbon atom is sp3 hybridised
(c) In (iii), carbon atom is sp2 hybridised
(d) Both (i) and (v) are electrophiles
Which of the following statements are correct about this reaction?
(a) The given reaction follows SN2 mechanism.
(b) (ii) and (iv) have opposite configuration.
(c) (ii) and (iv) have same configuration.
(d) The given reaction follows SN1 mechanism.
Identify the products A and B formed in the following reaction:
CH3-CH2-CH=CH-CH3 + HCl–>A+B
Assertion (A): It is difficult to replace chlorine by -OH in chlorobenzene in comparison to that in chloroethane.
Reason (R): Chlorine-carbon (C – Cl) bond in chlorobenzene has a partial double bond character due to resonance.
Assertion (A): Hydrolysis of (-)-2-bromooctane proceeds with inversion of configuration.
Reason (R): This reaction proceeds through the formation of a carbocation.
In the following pairs of halogen compounds, which compound undergoes faster SN1 reaction?
Name the following halides according to IUPAC system and classify them as alkyl, allyl, benzyl (primary, secondary, tertiary), vinyl or aryl halides:
(i)(CH3)2CHCH(Cl)CH3
(ii) CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH(C2H5)CI
(iii) CH3CH2C(CH3)2CH2I
(iv)(CH3)3CCH2CH(Br)C6H5
(v)CH3CH(CH3)CH(Br)CH3
(vi)CH3C(C2H5)2CH2Br
(vii)CH3C(Cl)(C2H5)CH2CH3
(viii)CH3CH=C(CI)CH2CH(CH3)2
(ix)CH3CH=CHC(Br)(CH3)2
(x)P-CIC6H4CH2CH(CH3)2
(xi)m-ClCH2C6H4CH2C(CH3)3
(xii)o-Br -C6H4CH (CH3)CH2CH3
Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds:
(i) CH3CH(CI)CH (Br)CH3 (ii) CHF2CBrCIF (iii) CICH2C=CCH2Br (iv) (CCl3)3CCl
(v)CH3C(p-ClC6H4)2CH(Br)CH3 (vi)(CH3)3CCH=C(CI)C6H4I -p
Write the equations for the preparation of 1-iodoobutanefrom (i)1-butanol (ii)1-chlorobutane (iii) but-l-ene.
Which of the following are secondary bromides?
(a) (CH3),CHBr (b) (CH3)3C CH2Br
(c) CH3CH(Br)CH2CH3 (d) (CH3)2CBrCH2CH3
Draw other resonance structures related to the following structure and find out whether the functional group present in the molecule is ortho, para directing or meta directing.
What are the IUPAC name of the insecticide DDT and benzenehexachloride?
Why is their use banned in India and other countries?
Aryl halides are extremely less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution. Predict and explain the order of reactivity of the following compounds towards nucleophilic substitution:
Assertion (A): In monohaloarenes, further electrophilic substitution occurs at ortho and para positions.
Reason (R): Halogen atom is a ring deactivator.
Some alkylhalides undergo substitution whereas some undergo elimination reaction on treatment with bases. Discuss the structural features of alkyl halides with the help of examples which are responsible for this difference.
