Explain why is O = C = O nonpolar while R – O – R is polar.
O = C = O molecule is linear so that the polarities of two C – O bonds get cancelled and the molecule is linear.
Ethers have structures similar to water and have angular or bent structure. Therefore, the polarity of two R – O groups does not get cancelled and these have net dipole moment. Thus, R – O – R is polar.
Assertion (A): Boiling points of alcohols and ethers are high.
Reason (R): They can form intermolecular hydrogen bonding.
Name the enzymes and write the reactions involved in the preparation of ethanol from sucrose by fermentation.
Explain why is OH group in phenols more strongly held as compared to OH group in alcohols.
Assertion (A): Bond angle in ethers is slightly less than the tetrahedral angle. Reason (R): There is a repulsion between the two bulky (-R) groups.
Explain a process in which a biocatalyst is used in industrial preparation of a compound known to you.
Explain why alcohols and ethers of comparable molecular mass have different boiling points.
Assertion (A): Ethanol is a weaker acid than phenol.
Reason (R): Sodium ethoxide may be prepared by the reaction of ethanol with aqueous NaOH.
Why is the reactivity of all three classes of alcohols with cone. HCl and ZnCl2 (Lucas reagent) different?
When phenol is treated with bromine water, white precipitate is obtained. Give the structure and the name of the compound formed.
Write structures of the compounds whose IUPAC names are as follows:
(i)2-Methylbutan-2-ol
(ii)l-Phcnylpropan-2-ol
(iii)3,5-DimethyIhexane-l,3,5-triol
(iv)2,3-Dicthylphenol
(v)1-Ethoxypropane
(vi)2-Ethoxy-3-methylpentane
(vii) Cyclohexylmethanol
(viii) 3-Cyclohexylpcntan-3-ol
(ix)Cyclopcnt-3-en-l-ol
(x)4-ChIoro-3-ethylbutan-l-ol
Phenol can be distinguished from ethanol by the reactions with ………….
(a) Br2/water (b) Na
(c) Neutral FeCl3 (d) All of these
Write the structures of the isomers of alcohols with molecular formula C4H10O. Which one of these isomers exhibits optical activity?
While separating a mixture of ortho and para nitrophenols by steam distillation, name the isomer which will be steam volatile. Give reason.
Mark the correct increasing order of reactivity of the following compounds with HBr/HCl.
Assertion (A): IUPAC name of the compound
Reason (R): In IUPAC nomenclature, ether is regarded as hydrocarbon derivative in which a hydrogen atom is replaced by -OR or -OAr group [where R = alkyl group and Ar = aryl group]
Give two reactions that show the acidic nature of phenol. Compare its acidity with that of ethanol.
Explain how does the – OH group attached to a carbon of benzene ring activate it towards electrophilic substitution?
Why is the C – O – H bond angle‘in alcohols slightly less than the tetrahedral angle whereas the C – O – C bond angle in ether is slightly greater?
Match the starting materials given in Column I with the products formed by these (Column II) in the reaction with HI.
Assertion (A): p-Nitrophcnol is more acidic than phenol.
Reason (R): Nitro group helps in the stabilization of the phenoxide ion by dispersal of negative charge due to resonance.
Arrange water, ethanol and, phenol in increasing order of acidity and give reason for your answer.
Which of the following is an appropriate set of reactants for the preparation of l-methoxy-4- nitrobenzene and why?
Write the names of reagents and equations for the preparation of the following ethers by Williamson's synthesis:
(i)1-Propoxypropane
(ii)Ethoxybenzene
(iii)2-Methoxy-2-methylpropane
(iv)1-Methoxyethane
Preparation of alcohols from alkenes involves the electrophilic attack on alkene carbon atom. Explain its mechanism.
In Kolbe's reaction, instead of phenol, phenoxide ion is treated with carbon dioxide. Why?
