Distinguish between families Fabaceae, Solanaceae, Liliaceae on the basis of gynoecium characteristics (with figures), Also write economic importance of any one of the above family.
a. Gynoecium
i. Fabaceae— Monocarpellary, ovary unilocular, marginal placentation
ii. Solgnaceae—Bicarpellary,* syncarpous, carpels placed obliquely, bilocular, axile placentation
iii. Liliaceae—Tricarpellary, syncarpous, ovary superior, axile placentation
b. Economic importance of fabacae:
i. Source of pulses (gram, arhar)
ii. Edible oil (soyabean, groundnut)
iii. Dye (Indigofera)
iv. Fibres (sunhemp)
v. Fodder (Sesbania, Trifolium)
vi. Ornamental {Lupin)
vii. Medicine (mulaithi)
Mango and coconut are ‘drupe’ type of fruits. In mango fleshy mesocarp is edible. What is the edible part of coconut? What does milk of tender coconut represent?
In swampy areas like the Sunderbans in West Bengal, plants bear special kind of roots called __________ .
Roots obtain oxygen from air in the soil for respiration. In the absence or deficiency of 02, root growth is restricted or com pletely stopped. How do the plants growing in marshlands or swamps obtain their 02 required for root respiration?
Rhizome of ginger is like the roots of other plants that grows underground. Despite this fact ginger is a stem and not a root. Justify.
Write the floral formula of an actinomorphic, bisexual, hypogynous flower with five united sepals, five free petals, five free stamens and two united carples with superior ovary and axile placentation.
Write floral formula for a flower which, is bisexual; actinoiflorphic; sepals five, twisted aestivation, petals five; valvate aestivation; stamens six; ovary tricarpellary, syncarpous, superior, trilocular with axile placentation.
The essential functions of roots are anchorage and absorption of water and minerals in the terrestrial plant. What functions are associated with the roots of aquatic plants? How are roots of aquatic plants and terrestrial plants different?
Roots obtain oxygen from air in the soil for respiration. In the absence or deficiency of 02, root growth is restricted or completely stopped. How do the plants growing in marshlands or swamps obtain their 02 required for root respiration?
The essential functions of roots are anchorage and absorption of water and minerals in the terrestrial plant. What functions are associated with the roots of aquatic plants. How are roots of aquatic plants and terrestrial plants different?
Seeds of some plants germinate immediately after shedding from the plants while in other plants they require a period of rest before germination. The later phenomena is called as dormancy. Give the reasons for seed dormancy and some methods to break it.
Reticulate and parallel venation are characteristic of ________ and ______ respectively.
Tendrils are found in the following plants. Identify whether they are stem tendrils or leaf tendrils,
a.Cucumber
b. Peas
c. Pumpkins
. Grapevine
e. Watermelons
Reticulate venation is found in dicot leaves while in monocot leaves venation is of parallel type. Biology being a ‘Science of exceptions’, find out any exception to this generalisation.
The arrangements of ovules within the ovary is known as placentation. What does the term placenta refer to? Name and draw various types of placentations in the flower as seen in T.S. or V.S.
In swampy areas like the Sunderbans in West Bengal, plants bear special kind of roots called _______
You have heard about several insectivorous plants that feed on insects. Nepenthes or the pitcher plant is one such example, which usually grows in shallow water or in marsh lands. What part of the plant is modified into a ‘pitcher’? How does this modification help the plant for food even though it can photosynthesise like any other green plant?
Mango and coconut are ‘drupe’ type of fruits. In mango fleshy mesocarp is edible. What is the edible part of coconut? What does milk of tender coconut represent?
Tendrils of grapevines are homologous to the tendril of pumpkins but are analogous to that of pea. Justify the above statement.
Mango and coconut are ˜drupe' type of fruits. In mango fleshy mesocarp is edible. What is the edible part of coconut? What does milk of tender coconut represent?
Stolon, offset and rhizome are different forms of stem modifications. How can these modified forms of stem be distinguished from each other?
In Opuntia the stem is modified into a flattened green structure to perform the function of leaves (i.e., photosynthesis). Cite some other examples of modifications of plant parts for the purpose of photosynthesis.
Give two examples of roots that develop from different parts of the angiospermic plant other than the radicle.
Distinguish between families Fabaceae, Solanaceae, Liliaceae on the basis of gynoecium characteristics (with figures), Also write economic importance of any one of the above family.
Justify the following statements on the basis of external features:
(i) Underground parts of a plant are not always roots.
(ii) Flower is a modified shoot.
Given below are a few floral formulae of some well known plants. Draw floral diagrams from these formula.
You have heard about several insectivorous plants that feed on insects. Nepenthes or the pitcher plant is one such example, which usually grows in shallow water or in marsh lands. What part of the plant is modified into a 'pitcher'? How does this modification help the plant for food even though it can photosynthesize like any other green plant?
Match the followings and choose the correct option.
|
Group A |
Group B | ||
|
A. |
Aleurone layer | (i) |
Without fertilization |
|
B. |
Parthenocarpic fruit | (ii) |
Nutrition |
|
C. |
Ovule | (iii) |
Double fertilization |
| D. |
Endosperm |
(iv) |
Seed |
Options:
Reticulate venation is found in dicot leaves while in monocot leaves venation is of parallel type. Biology being a 'Science of exceptions', find out any exception to this generalization.
Write floral formula for a flower which, is bisexual; actinomorphic; sepals five, twisted aestivation, petals five; valvate aestivation; stamens six; ovary tricarpellary, syncarpous, superior, trilocular with axile placentation.
In Opuntia the stem is modified into a flattened green structure to perform the function of leaves (/’.e., photosynthesis). Cite some other examples of modifications of plant parts for the purpose of photosynthesis.
Tendrils are found in the following plants. Identify whether they are stem tendrils or leaf tendrils.
(a) Cucumber
(b) Peas
(c) Pumpkins
(d) Grapevine
(e) Watermelons
Tendrils of grapevines are homologous to the tendril of pumpkins but are analogous to that of pea. Justify the above statement.
Stolon, offset and rhizome are different forms of stem modifications. How can these modified forms of stem be distinguished from each other?
You have heard about several insectivorous plants that feed on insects. Nepenthes or the pitcher plant is one such example, which usually grows in shallow water or in marsh lands. What part of the plant is modified into a 'pitcher'? How does this modification help the plant for food even though it can photosynthesize like any other green plant?
The mode of arrangements of sepals or petals in a floral bud is known as aestivation. Draw the various types of aestivation possible for a typical pentamerous flower.
How do you distinguish between hypogeal germination and epigeal germination? What is the role of cotyledon (s) and the endosperm in the germination of seeds?
