Chemistry

Matter in Our Surroundings


Impure Substances: Mixtures


A mixture is one which contains two or more different kinds of particles (atoms or molecules). In other words, a mixture contains two or more pure substances ixed together. For example, salt solution is a mixture of two pure substances : salt and water. And milk is a mixture of water, fat and proteins, etc.All the mixtures are impure substances because they contain more than one kind of particles. Some of the examples of the mixtures are : salt solution, sugar solution, milk, sea-water, air, sugarcane juice, soft drinks, sharbat, jaggery (gud), rocks, minerals, petroleum, LPG, biogas, tap water, tea, coffee, paint,wood, soil and bricks. A mixture may be homogeneous or heterogeneous. A mixture can be separated into other kinds of matter by physical processes. A mixture docs not have a fixed composition or a fixed melting point and boiling point. Most of the matter around us exists as mixtures of two or more pure substances.
From the above discussion we conclude that on the basis of their properties, all the matter can be divided into three general classes : elements, compounds and mixtures. A schematic representation of the different types of matter is given below.
We will now discuss the three types of matter, elements, compounds and mixtures, in detail.
Before we discuss elements, we should know the meaning of three terms which are used in distinguishing metal elements from non-metal elements. These are malleability, ductility and brittleness.
(i) The property which allows the metals to be hammered (or beaten) into thin sheets (without breaking),is called malleability.
(ii) The property which allows the metals to be drawn (or stretched) into thin wires (without breaking) is called ductility.
(iii) The property due to which non-metals break into pieces on hammering, is called brittleness. Brittleness is the opposite of malleability and ductility.

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Notes


Matter in Our Surroundings - Notes
1. 9. Non-Metals Have Low Densities.
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2. 2. Metals are Ductile.
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3. 7. Metals are Solids at the Room Temperature
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4. 3. Non-Metals are Bad Conductors of Heat and Electricity.
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5. The Case of Solutions
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6. Properties of Metals
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7. 11. Non-Metals Have Many Different Colours.
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8. 3. Separation by a Magnet
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9. Concentration of a Solution
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10. 7. Non-Metals may be Solid, Liquid or Gases at the Room Temperature.
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11. Impure Substances: Mixtures
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12. 5. Non-Metals are Generally Soft
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13. Non-Metals
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14. Is Matter Around Us Pure
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15. Elements
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16. 6. Separation by Distillation
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17. 8. Non-Metals Have Comparatively Low Melting Points and Boiling Points
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18. 8. Metals Generally Have High Melting Points and Boiling Points.
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19. Types of Solutions
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20. 2. Separation by Centrifugation
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21. 1. Metals are Malleable.
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22. Solutions
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23. Physical And Chemical Changes
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24. To Study the Properties of a Suspension
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25. Properties of a Suspension
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26. Pure Substances : Elements and Compounds
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27. Metals
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28. Effect of Temperature and Pressure on Solubility
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29. 1. Non-Metals are Not Malleable. Non-Metals are Brittle.
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30. 2. Non-Metals are Not Ductile.
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31. 10. Non-Metals are Not Sonorous.
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32. Separation of the Gases of the Air
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33. To Study the Properties of a Solution
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34. 4. Purification by Crystallisation
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35. 4. Non-Metals are Not Lustrous (Not Shiny). They are Dull in Appearance.
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36. Separation of Mixture Of Two Solids
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37. To Separate the Salt-Water Mixture (or Salt-Solution)
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38. 1. Separation by Fractional Distillation
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39. Chemical Formula for daily use material
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40. Metals, Non-Metals and Metalloids
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41. 5. Metals are Generally Hard
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42. 11. Metals Usually Have a Silver or Grey Colour
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43. Compounds
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44. Solutions, Suspensions And Colloids
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45. Chemical Changes
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46. 1. Separation by a Suitable Solvent
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47. Separation of Scrap Iron
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48. Separation Of Mixture Of a Solid And a Liquids
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49. 2. Separation by a Separating Funnel
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50. 4. Metals are Lustrous (or Shiny), and can be Polished.
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